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Security+ 4th ed. Chapter 06
Ciampa's Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals
24
Other
Undergraduate 4
10/27/2011

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Term
All-in-one network security appliance
Definition
Network hardware that provides multiple security functions.
Term
Anomaly-based monitoring
Definition
A monitoring technique used by an IDS that creates a baseline of normal activities and compares actions against the baseline. Whenever a significant deviation from this baseline occurs, an alarm is raised.
Term
Behavior-based monitoring
Definition
A monitoring technique used by an IDS that uses the normal processes and actions as the standard and compares actions against it.
Term
Demilitarized zone (DMZ)
Definition
A separate network that rests outside the secure network perimeter; untrusted outside users can access the DMZ but cannot enter the secure network.
Term
Heuristic monitoring
Definition
A monitoring technique used by an IDS that uses an algorithm to determine if a threat exists.
Term
Host intrusion detection system (HIDS)
Definition
A software-based application that runs on a local host computer that can detect an attack as it occurs.
Term
Intrusion detection system (IDS)
Definition
A device designed to be active security; it can detect an attack as it occurs.
Term
Load balancer
Definition
A device that can direct requests to different servers based on a variety of factors, such as the number of server connections, the server’s processor utilization, and overall performance of the server.
Term
Network access control (NAC)
Definition
A technique that examines the current state of a system or network device before it is allowed to connect to the network.
Term
Network address translation (NAT)
Definition
A technique that allows private IP addresses to be used on the public Internet.
Term
Network intrusion detection system (NIDS)
Definition
A technology that watches for attacks on the network and reports back to a central device.
Term
Network intrusion prevention system (NIPS)
Definition
A technology that monitors network traffic to immediately react to block a malicious attack.
Term
Proxy server
Definition
A computer or an application program that intercepts a user request from the internal secure network and then processes that request on behalf of the user.
Term
Remote access
Definition
Any combination of hardware and software that enables remote users to access a local internal network.
Term
Reverse proxy
Definition
A computer or an application program that routes incoming requests to the correct server.
Term
Router
Definition
A device that can forward packets across computer networks.
Term
Xignature-based monitoring
Definition
A monitoring technique used by an IDS that examines network traffic to look for well-known patterns and compares the activities against a predefined signature.
Term
Xubnetting (subnet addressing)
Definition
A technique that uses IP addresses to divide a network into network, subnet, and host.
Term
Xwitch
Definition
A device that connects network segments and forwards only frames intended for that specific device or frames sent to all devices.
Term
Virtual LAN (VLAN)
Definition
A technology that allows scattered users to be logically grouped together even though they may be attached to different switches.
Term
Virtual private network (VPN)
Definition
A technology to use an unsecured public network, such as the Internet, like a secure private network.
Term
VPN concentrator
Definition
A device that aggregates hundreds or thousands of VPN connections.
Term
Web application firewall
Definition
A special type of firewall that looks more deeply into packets that carry HTTP traffic.
Term
Web security gateway
Definition
A device that can block malicious content in “real time” as it appears (without first knowing the URL of a dangerous site).
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