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| the aggressive strengthening of armed forces. |
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| Archduke Francis Ferdinand |
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On June 28, 1914
he was the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary and was visiting the province's capital of Sarajevo with his wife, Sophie.
While riding through the streets, they were shot and killed by Gavrilo Pricip (19 year old Serb nationalist) |
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| Austria Hungary declared war on |
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| Serbia , determined to crush it and other Slavic nationalists. |
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| prepare its military for war. |
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August 1, on russia
august 3, on france
Britain declared war on Germany |
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Austria-Hungary and Germany
(Later, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria) |
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France, Russia and Britain
(Italy in 1915) |
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| another name for world war I (30 nations, 6 continents) |
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| The First Battle of the Marne |
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Definition
September 3rd
German army was 25 miles away from Paris the capital of France.
The French army blocked them at the Marne River and fought for several days till they were finally pushed back.(FRENCH DEFEATED GERMANS) |
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| The French and German troops faced each other along a long battle. It stretched from the North Sea all the way to Switzerland. |
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| the Russian and German armies were struggling back and forth here. It reached from the Black sea to the Baltic Sea. |
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Definition
made World War I so long and deadly.
It was defending a position by fighting from the protection of deep ditches. |
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| Bad sides of the trenches |
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Definition
cold, wet and muddy.
Perfect breeding ground for germs and soldiers on both sides died from disease. Rats roamed the areas. Bombs and gases. Dead corpses. |
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| The pty patch of ground between enemy trenches. Was stripped of trees and blasted full of holes. If ventured into, you will most likely die. |
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Definition
New machine guns.
Artillery guns (fired shells over the trenches, where they exploded and sent speeding scraps of metal onto the soldiers below)
Shells spread poisonous gases.
Poisonous gases were banned before the war but came to use.
Tanks and airplanes. |
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Definition
| neither side can win a decisive victory. |
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| Germans attacked Verdun (French city) at the south end of the western front. That summer the Allies attacked along the Somme River, in the north eastern France. The battle raged on for months as armies attacked and counterattacked. In the end, the Germans did not take Verdun and the allies advanced seven miles at the Somme River. |
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| in the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea. The British navy blockaded the ports of the Central Powers and laid explosive mines in the North Sea. |
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| German submarines. They launched torpedoes against Allied supply ships causing heavy losses. German ships also attacked neutral countries. |
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| Since America was composed of immigrants, most of them sympathized with their home countries, but overall they all decided that American should not be involved in the European conflict. President Woodrow Wilson announced that the US would remain neutral. |
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Definition
The US invested $2 billion in these bonds. They carried supplies and war materials to Europe.
These materials were attacked and sunk by German U-boats (without warning). |
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| May 7 1915, a british passenger liner. Killed 1,200 people including 128 Americans. Fueled anti-Germans. German-Americans faced nativist attacks. |
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| Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan |
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Definition
| resigned over President Wilson's handling of the affair. He belived Wilson's protest note to the Germans was to bring the US into war. |
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| A U-boat attacked this french passenger ship that contained 80 Americans. Wilson demanded that the Germans stopped attacking nonmilitary ships. |
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| After the sinking of the Sussex and President Wilson's demands, the Germans agreed not to attack merchant ships without warning. Nearly a year later the Germans started attacking again. Diplomatic relations with Germany were broken. |
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| The Americans found out about this note where the German minister Arthur Zimmerman promised an alliance against the US with Mexico. It was found in March 1917 and spread by American Newspapers. |
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| The US declared war on Germany. |
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Definition
Committee on Public Information
rallied and paraded and published posters and pamphlets.
Tried to persuade the public to support the war. |
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Definition
| gave short patriotic speeches in move theaters and churches. |
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Term
| Espionage Act and Sedition Act |
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Definition
Restricted free speech and allowed the government to arrest opponents of the war. Antiwar mail was prohibited and seized.
Sedition Act is appealed but Espionage Act is still in act today. |
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| 1917 required men between the ages of 21 and 30 to register to be drafted. Almost 3 million Americans were drafted. A lot were African Americans. |
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| Separated from white forces. Commanded by white officers. Africans were eventually trained as officers but were never placed in command of white troops. |
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1) American factories were working nonstop to produce weapons and supplies for the Allied forces.
2) The war almost completely cut off immigration.
3) Many young men were off in Europe fighting instead of working. |
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Term
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Definition
Joined the workforce.
Volunteered as nurses, telephone operators, signalers, typists and interpreters in France. Were not in combat but were brave as nurses and ambulance driver. |
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Definition
African Americans and Americans from West moved North to industrial citites.
They were able to demand for better wages and get them because they couldn't replace workers. |
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| April 1918 this board helped workers and management avoid strikes and reach agreements. Settled 1,000 labor disputes. Established a minimum wage and limited work hours. Required fair pay for women. |
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