soil profile

o: organic

A: topsoil

B: subsoil

C: substratum or parent material

R: bed rock

-high water table

- highly compacted

-drainage system installed ( not effective for compacted soil)

-well-drained soil added

-if water table is high and poor drainage, raise bed with well drain soil might be effective

Bicycle lane design

1. speed

2.slope

3. width

4. lighting

1. 20mph

2.2-3 %

3.10' for 2ways, 6' for 1 way

4. 0.6 fc in parks, 2.0 fc for busy intersection

mortar containing a considerable amount of water , more liguidy than mortar

pour into cracks, joints, and cores within masonry walls

high in tensil strength but compressive trength

unlike grout used to fill the cores in masonry wall, non shrink grount is not pourable.

typically, used for joints of ceramic tile or thin-set stone.

1. use similar material

2. providing some type of surface barrier or coating to separate the two materials.

the soil resistance to movement when pressure or impact is applied.

clay has high resistance sand is low

the ability of soils to stick to one another

clay is cohesive sandy soil are not

Ramming machines ( best for clay)

Vibratory rollers (best for sandy , clay mixture)

Static roller (best for sandy soil)

Nuclear testing for soil density

Sand cone testing for soil deinsity

water ballon testing for density

steps ratio for 

2 riser + tread =

Douglas Fir

Hemlock Fir

Pine

Redwood

oak

birch

walnut

mahogany

granit

basalt

limestone

sandstone

slate

marble

full depth asphalt 

and

full depth asphalt with aggregate base

1.to improve workability

2.to reduce the water requirement

3.to entrain air in the mixture and thereby improve the concrete'sdurability and resistance to freeze/thaw samage, and resistance to scaling 

4.to accelerate or retard the hardening or setting of concrete

5.to increase the flowability of concrete to aid in placement

used to accelerate the set of concrete resulting in higher early strength

some will increase dry shrinkage of the concrete during curing

allow s use of much lower water to cement ratio in concrete mixture.

can produce a more flowable concrete so that it cna be pumper to the area of placement

to test consistancy of concrete mix

by using slump cones.

to determine compressive strength of cured concrete

cardboard o steel molds (6"dia. 12"height)are filled fresh concrete in three equal layers

breaking away of hardened concrete surface of srab

happen early age of concrete

non corrosion pipe

Brass has greater strength ( use for exposed pipe in the pool) more expensive

strecher / header/ rowlock

soldier / sailor / rowlock strecher or shiner

2 1/4"height 3 5/8" thick x 7 5/8" long 

design to use 3/8" mortar 

nominal dmention

2 2/3" x 4" x8"

N: suitable for exterior exposed

S:not suitable for exterior exposed

4"x4" <8'

4"x6" up to 10'

6"x8" greater than 10 feet

4"x6" up to 6' span

4"x8" up to 8 span 

2"x6" - 6' span

2"x8" - 8' span

2"x10" - 10' span

alminum

copper

thermoset material, very high adhesive strength, chemical resistance, and water resistance

using for bonded agent and form protective material

alos highly resistance to ultraviolet light

themoplastic materila highly sensitive to ultraviolet light

and heat degration

highly water resitance

used for vapor barrier and some piping

a thermoset material and fire resistance

resisntant to heat chemical and abrasion

use for insuration material

1.sliding

2. overturn

1.tendency of wall moving forward

2.tendency of the all to revolve or rotate forward about the toe of the footing

Deutzia gracilis

Spiraea bumuda

berberis thunbergii

Berberis tunbergii

Spiraea vanhouttei

remote controle value / irrigation

automatic controller by way of controle line

atmospheric vaccume breaker

double check valve

dual check valve

prssure vacuume breaker

reduced pressure backflow prevention assembly - used to protect water system from highly hazarous substance

a valve which permits water to flow in one direction only.

using eight or spring tension to remain close agains revers flow

G.P.M.

G.P.H.

P.S.I.

G.P.M

pounds per square inch - standard measurment of water pressure in irrigation design

gallons per miniutes - standard measurement of flow in irrigation deisghn

study of the behavior of fluid both at rest and in motion

P=F/A

P: pressure PSI

F: force in pounds

A: area in square inches

also snap-valve system

a valve is opened when a quick coupler key is inserted

(like horse bib) for extra water or maintainance 

lag screws = large wood screws

used to lag together lumber frameing

it is screw not bolt!

gravity

cantilever

counterfort

any organic matter which available on a renewable basis through natural processes, 

forest, grassland, salt marsh

Fauna

Flora

a list of animals living in paticular ecosystem

the species found in paticular ecosystem

a floor or lining to protect a surface from erosion

pavement below chutes, spillway or at the toes of dams

a device for determining the consistency of fresh concrete,

sometime as an alternative to the slump test

Horizontal force acting on the structure

ex. Earth pressure against a retaining wall

ablitity to deform

clay = high plasticity

silt =low

sand = 0