Term
| PRIMARY FUNCTION OF THE URINARY SYSTEM |
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Definition
Filter blood to remove waste products & to maintain normal pH.
Maintain the volume and composition of body fluids within normal limits. Rids body of waste products & regulate concentrations of electrolytes in body fluids to main normal pH of blood. |
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Term
| STRUCTURES OF THE URINARY SYSTEM |
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Definition
[image]
KIDNEYS
URETER
URINARY BLADDER
URETHRA |
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Term
| KIDNEY - LOCATION & FUNCTION |
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Definition
[image]
LOCATION: * Rear of abdominal cavity in retroperitoneum one each side. * Right Kidney is generally higher than Left Kidney. * Generally bean shaped FUNCTION OF THE URINARY SYSTEM: * Filter blood, remove wastes, excrete wastes in the urine * Maintenance of acid–base balance, and regulation of blood pressure * Reabsorption of water & glucose |
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Term
| URETER - LOCATION & FUNCTION |
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Definition
LOCATION:
* 2 x Ureters - each one is a narrow tube that descends from one kidney down to the bladder.
FUNCTION:
* Urine drains from the kidney into the bladder through the ureter.
* Wall of Ureter has 3 LAYERS
~ Outer - fibrous connective tissue
~ Middle - Muscular coat that contracts to propel urine
~ Inner - Traditional epithelium that's continuous with lining the renal pelvis & urinary bladder - secretes mucous to protect cell surface |
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Term
| URINARY BLADDER - LOCATION & FUNCTION |
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Definition
LOCATION: Pelvic Cavity
FUNCTION: Temporary storage point for the urinary fluid before it is eliminated through urethra |
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Term
| URETHRA - LOCATION & FUNCTION |
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Definition
LOCATION:
The ureters are retroperitoneal, which means that they are located in the retroperitoneal space (i.e. the area between the back/"posterior" surface of the parietal peritoneum and the front/"anterior" of the lumbar vertebrae).
FUNCTION:
* Final passageway for flow or Urine
* Urethra is a small tube that excretes the Urine from the Bladder to outside of the body with the help of Genitals. |
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Term
| STATE BASIC TISSUE LAYER OF THE URINARY TRACT |
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Definition
[image]
Mucous Coat (inner)
Muscular Coat (middle)
Fibrous Coat (outer) |
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Term
| Identify Internal Structures of Kidney |
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Definition
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Term
| Identify Internal Structures of Kidney |
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Definition
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Term
| Label Microscopic Structure of Kidney (Nephron) |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe Structure of Nephron |
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Definition
[image]
Removes waste by filtration of certain waster materials from the body & the reabsorbs water freed of waste for use in the body. Two main Divisions; Renal Corpuscle & Tubular System |
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Term
| Process involved in Urination |
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Definition
1. Glomerular Filtration - blood enters Bowman's Capsule under Pressure; water & small molecules pass through the semi permeable membrane (plasma minus plasma proteins)
2. Tubular Reabsorption - occurs as the filtrate passes through the renal tubule; glucose amino acids, hormones, minerals, salts, vitamins & water reabsorbed. This reabsorption assists in the regulation of blood ph by maintaining fluid & electrolyte balance.
3. Tubular secretion - process where substances such as hydrogen & potassium ions move from the blood in the peritubular capillaries into the filtrate which then empties into the collecting tubules. |
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Term
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Definition
Micturition is the process by which urine is expelled from the bladder. It involves the contraction of the detrusor muscle, and pressure from surrounding structures. Urination also involves the relaxation of the external urethral sphincter.
Urination is usually stimulated by the distention of the bladder as it fills with urine. When the walls of the bladder contract, nerve receptors are stimulated, and the urination reflex is triggered. The urination reflex causes the internal urethral sphincter to open and the external urethral sphincter to relax. This relaxation allows the bladder to empty.
Hold app 600ml & usual needs to go when 200-300 mls is held |
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Term
| What is the normal amount of Urine secreted by an adult |
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Definition
125ml/hr x 60min/hr = 7500ml / hr
The Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
7500ml/hr x 24hr/day = 180 000ml/day / 1000 = 180ltrs per day |
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Term
| Wast is the structure in which blood is filtered to produce Urine? |
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Definition
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Term
| Urine flows from the pelvis of the kidney down the ..... to the bladder? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Bladder is situated in the ....... cavity? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Bladder acts as a .......... ? |
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Definition
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Term
| A moderately full Bladder can hold about .... mls of URINE? |
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Definition
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Term
| Urine leaves the Bladder via a tube called the .......? |
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Definition
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Term
| The act of passing urine from the bladder to the outside is called ..... ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What Percentage of urine is water? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is one the waste products excreted by the kidney called? |
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Definition
| UREA (urea, creatinine, bilirubin, and ammonia) |
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Term
| What is the average urinary output of an adult in mls / 24hr period? |
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Definition
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Term
The kidneys at rest receive about ...... percent of cardiac output.
a. 5%
b. 10%
c. 15%
d. 25%
e. 50% |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is NOT an Organ of the Urinary System?
a. kidney
b. adrenal gland
c. ureter
d. urethra
e. bladder |
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Definition
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Term
The excretory function of the urinary system is performed by the?
a. kidneys
b. adrenal gland
c. ureters
d. urethra
e. bladder |
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Definition
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Term
Movement of urine through the ureters occurs through?
a. gravity alone
b. smooth muscle peristalsis alone
c. gravity & smooth muscle peristalsis
d. ciliary movement
e. cilia & gravity |
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Definition
| GRAVITY & SMOOTH MUSCLE PERISTALSIS |
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Term
Which of the following is NOT a function of the Urinary System?
a. adjust blood volume and pressure
b. thermoregulation
c. stabilize blood pH
d. conserve nutrients
e. conserve water |
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Definition
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Term
The dense fibrous layer that anchors the kidney to surrounding tissues is called the?
a. renal fascia
b. hilum
c. fibrous capsule
d. renal sinus
e. cortex |
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Definition
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Term
The superficial granular region of the kidney is called?
a. cortex
b. column
c. papilla
d. medulla
e. pyramids |
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Definition
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Term
Granular tissue separating adjacent pyramids of the medullar is called the?
a. cortex
b. column
c. papilla
d. renal fascia
e. hilum |
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Definition
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Term
A conical section of the renal medulla extending from the cortex s called?
a. cortex
b. column
c. papilla
d. renal fascia
e. pyramids |
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Definition
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Term
The medial point of entry & exit to the kidney is called the?
a. cortex
b. column
c. papilla
d. renal fascia
e. hilum |
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Definition
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Term
The urine of each kidney lobe is collected directly into?
a. minor calyx
b. major calyx
c. renal pelvis
d. collecting tube
e. glomerulus |
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Definition
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Term
The functional unit of the kidney is called the?
a. nephron
b. glomerular capsule
c. glomerulus
d. collecting tube
e. cortex |
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Definition
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Term
The part of the renal corpuscle that is responsible for collecting filtrate is the?
a. nephron
b. glomerular capsule
c. glomerulus
d. collecting tube
e. cortex |
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Definition
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Term
An osmotic gradient is established by the?
a. nephron loop
b. glomerular capsule
c. glomerulus
d. proximal convoluted tube
e. distal convoluted tube |
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Definition
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Term
The arteriole network where filtration occurs is called the?
a. nephron loop
b. glomerular capsule
c. glomerulus
d. proximal convoluted tube
e. distal convoluted tube |
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Definition
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Term
Nutrient reabsorption occurs mostly in the?
a. nephron loop
b. glomerular capsule
c. glomerulus
d. proximal convoluted tube
e. distal convoluted tube |
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Definition
| PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE |
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Term
The part of the nephron that makes further adjustments in the composition of tubular fluid through a combination of secretion & reabsorption is the?
a. nephron loop
b. glomerular capsule
c. glomerulus
d. proximal convoluted tube
e. distal convoluted tube |
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Definition
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Term
The collecting system delivers urine to the?
a. urethra
b. bladder
c. calyces
d. ureter
e. nephron |
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Definition
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Term
Juxtaglomerular nephrons are able to concentrate urine because of their?
a. location in the centre of the kidney
b. very short nephron loops
c. unusual glucose solubility
d. unusual pH sensitivity
e. very long nephron loops |
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Definition
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Term
Approx % of the nephrons are juxtamedullary nephrons?
a. 10%
b. 15%
c. 25%
d. 50%
e. 85% |
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Definition
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Term
The renal cortex appears speckled under histological examination because of the presence of multiple?
a. nephron loops
b. collecting tubes
c. renal arteries
d. calyces
e. renal corpuscles |
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Definition
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Term
The renal medulla appears striated under histological examination because of the presence of multiple?
a. capsules
b. collecting tubes
c. renal arteries
d. calyces
e. renal corpuscles |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Carrying inward to a central organ or section, as nerves that conduct impulses from the periphery of the body to the brain or spinal cord. |
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Term
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Definition
| carrying or conducting outwards from a part or an organ of the body, esp from the brain or spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| A procedure where a tubular instrument equipped with a light and used to examine the interior of the urinary bladder and ureter |
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Term
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Definition
| Painful or difficult urination |
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Term
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Definition
| To excrete Urine or want to urinate |
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Term
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Definition
| Any of the numerous filtering units of the vertebrate kidney that remove waste matter from the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| The act or process of filtering, especially the process of passing a liquid or gas, such as air, through a filter in order to remove solid particles. |
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Term
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Definition
| To absorb again. To accommodate or accept again, as into a group or category |
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Term
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Definition
The process of secreting a substance, especially one that is not a waste, from the blood or cells: secretion of hormones; secretion of milk by the mammary glands.
2. A substance, such as saliva, mucus, tears, bile, or a hormone, that is secreted. |
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Term
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Definition
| Laboratory analysis of urine, used to aid in the diagnosis of disease or to detect the presence of a specific substance, such as an illegal drug |
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Term
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Definition
| The long, narrow duct that conveys urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any of various distensible membranous sacs, such as the urinary bladder or the swim bladder, that serve as receptacles for fluid or gas |
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Term
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Definition
| The canal through which urine is discharged from the bladder & through which semen is discharged in the male |
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Term
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Definition
A small cluster or mass of blood vessels or nerve fibers.
2. A tuft of capillaries situated within a Bowman's capsule at the end of a renal tubule in the vertebrate kidney that filters waste products from the blood and thus initiates urine formation |
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Term
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Definition
| condition of discharging abnormally large quantities of urine, often accompanied by a need to urinate frequently |
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