Term
| State the functions of Bone. |
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Definition
* 206 - Structural support for entire body
* Individual bones provide framework for attachment of soft tissues & organs
* Protect organs
* Permits movement
* Manufacture of Red Blood Cells
* Stores Calcium |
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Term
| What factors influence bone growth? |
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Definition
* Age
* Hormones
* Physical
* Dietary Requirements |
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Term
| What types of bone textures exist and differentiate between them? |
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Definition
[image]
* Cancellous (Spongy Bone) - more porous & contains red bone marrow
* Compact Bone - hard & dense |
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Term
| Classify 4 major groups of bones, according to shape and give an example. |
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Definition
[image]
1. Flat - Parietal (Skull)
2. Long - Humerous (Arm)
3. Short - Carpel Bones (Wrist)
4. Irregular - Vertebra (Spine) |
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Term
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Definition
[image]
1. Diaphysis - shaft - long & tubular & Contains marrow (fat & yellow bone marrow).
2. Epiphyses - expanded area found at each end of bone.
* Spongy bone in centre. Contains growth plates for bone
* Covered with thin layer of hydraline cartilage.
3. Periosteum (membranes) - superficial layer of compact bone is wrapped by sheath of connective tissue;
(1) isolates bones of surrounding tissue
(2) provide a route for blood / nerves
(3) plays role in bone growth / repair |
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Term
| Components of Short Bones |
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Definition
[image]
Small & boxy - spongy bone, outside layer consists of thin layer of compact bone. |
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Term
| Explain where bone marrow samples are routinely obtained and state why they are obtained from these sites? |
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Definition
* Pelvis (Ilieum)& Sternum - easily accessible
* Identify abnormal proteins, inflammation or infection
* Diagnose conditions that affect blood cells or cancer & its extent. |
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Term
| How does bone remodelling occur? |
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Definition
* Replacement of cartilage with bone
1.Cartilage increases in size
2.Blood vessels grow around edge of cartilage
3.Blood vessels penetrate cartilage & invade central (spongy) region
4. Remodelling occurs as growth continues
5. Capillaries & osteoblast migrate into epiphyses (ossification)
6.Epiphysis fills with spongy bone
7.16 weeks foetus bones are identified
8.Puberty |
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Term
| The axial skeleton consists of which bones? |
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Definition
* Skull
* Vertebral Column
* Thoracic Cage |
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Term
| What is the Axial Skeleton function? |
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Definition
[image]
* Forms the longitudinal axis on the body.
* Support the head, neck, trunk
* Protects brain, spinal cord & thoracic organs |
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Term
| Name the bones of the Appendicular skeleton. |
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Definition
[image]
* Unlike the axial skeleton, the appendicular skeleton is unfused. This allows for a much greater range of motion.
1.Pectorial Girdle (clavicle scapula)*
2.Pelvic Girdle
3.Humerus *
4.Radius *
5.Ulna *
6.Carpel *
7.Metacarpal *
8.Phalanges *
9.Femur
10.Patella
11.Tibia
12.Fibula
13.Tarsal
14.Metatarsal |
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Term
| What are the 3 joint types? |
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Definition
[image]
1. Fibrous Joints
2. Cartilaginous Joints
3. Synovial Joints |
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Term
| What are the 4 Synovial Joints? |
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Definition
[image]
1.Hinge
2.Pivot & Rotation
3.Ball & Socket
4.Saddle |
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Term
List 9 movements of synovial joints
FEDAACRSP |
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Definition
1.Flexion
2.Extension
3.Dorsification
4.Abduction
5.Adduction
6.Circumduction
7.Rotation
8.Supination
9.Pronation |
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Term
| What makes up approx. 1/2 of the body's mass & why? |
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Definition
| Muscle Tissue - because they are able to transform chemical ATP into mechanical energy, they are capable of exerting force. |
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Term
| Primary function of Muscles? |
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Definition
1. Produce movement
2. Maintain posture
3. Stabilise joints
4.Generating Heat |
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Term
| What are the 3 types of muscle tissue? |
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Definition
1. Skeletal - striped muscle, voluntary movement
2. Cardiac - Plain muscle, involuntary movement
3. Smooth - Striped muscle, involuntary contraction of heart wall. Only located in heart |
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Term
| What are the 4 functional characteristics of muscle tissue? |
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Definition
1.Excitability
2.Extensibility
3.Contractibility
4.Elasticity |
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Term
| What are the 2 types of Contractions and function? |
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Definition
ISOTONIC - occur when muscle shortens or lengthens as load increases
ISOMETRIC - Occurs when muscle tension produces neither shortening or lengthening. |
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Term
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Definition
| Moving Away - spread fingers / toes |
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Term
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Definition
| Moving Towards - bring towards |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Downward - point toes down |
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Term
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Definition
| Side to Side - move neck side to side |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Produce new bone matrix - produce calcium |
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Term
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Definition
| Cell that dissolves the fibres & matrix of bone |
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Term
| Alternate name - COLLAR BONE |
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Definition
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Term
| Alternate name - SHOULDER BLADE |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Alternate name - BONES OF THE HAND |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Alternate name - BONES OF THE FOOT |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Collagenous tissue that connects the muscle to the Skelton |
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Term
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Definition
| Smallest contractile unit of striated muscle cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Circular movement of a limb such as the distal end of the limb delineates an arc |
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Term
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Definition
| Small rough projection that takes up a broad area. |
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