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| a change in a gene's sequence that has no effect on the amino acid sequence of a protein because it occurs in noncoding DNA or because it does not change the amino acid specified by the corresponding codon |
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| mutation that results in a characteristic phenotype only under certain environmental conditions |
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| mutation that results from the gain, loss, or substitution of a single nucleotide |
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| loss of or changes in position/direction of a DNA segment on a chromosome |
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| mutation resulting from the loss of a continuous segment of a gene or chromosome; almost never revert to wild type |
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| mutation in which a segment of a chromosome is duplicated, often by the attachment of a segment lost from its homolog |
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| rare 180 degree reversal of the order of genes within a segment of a chromosome |
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| rare mutational event that moves a portion of a chromosome to a new location, generally on a nonhomologous chromosome |
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| bond that holds base pairs together in DNA helix |
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| any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the formation of DNA strands from a DNA template |
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| an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of a primer for DNA replication |
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| enzyme that opens helix for replication creating the replication fork |
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| enzyme that unites broken DNA strands during replication and recomnination |
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cleave phosphodiester bonds
*polymerases are also nucleases |
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| point at which a DNA molecule is replicating; fork forms by the unwinding of the parent molecule |
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Definition
| only requires 1 primer for replication and is replicated in one continuous strand |
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Definition
| in DNA replication, the daughter strand that is synthesized in discontinuous stretches |
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Definition
| newly formed DNA making up the lagging strand in DNA replication; DNA ligase like Pkazaki fragments together to give a continuous strand |
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Definition
| performed by nucleases; DNA pol III removes wrong base; DNA pol I removes and replaces damaged nucleotides and fixes errors missed by proofreading |
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| a mechanism that scans DNA after it ahs been replicated and corrects any base-pairing mismatches |
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| repeated DNA sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes |
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| an enzyme that catalyzes the addition of telomeric sequences lost from chromosomes during DNA replication |
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Definition
| any agent (chemical, radiation, etc.) that increases the mutation rate |
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| loss of function mutation |
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Definition
| mutation that results in teh loss of a functional protein |
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Term
| gain of function mutation |
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Definition
| mutation that results in a protein with a new function |
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