Term
| Define the term "Standard (Universal) Precautions |
|
Definition
| Treat all human by-products as if infectious |
|
|
Term
| What is "personal protective equipment"? |
|
Definition
| Gloves, face protection, gowns |
|
|
Term
| When should a biological safety cabinet by used? |
|
Definition
| Possible aerosols; culture media is inoculated with specimen material |
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|
Term
| Name 4 ways that laboratory infections may be acquired |
|
Definition
| Injury, Inhalation, Ingestion, Contamination of mucous membranes |
|
|
Term
| How should specimen material collected with a needle and syringe be transported to the laboratory? |
|
Definition
| Put specimen in transport media / sterile container; remove needle with safety device and cap syringe |
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|
Term
| What procedure should be performed when a bacterial antigen test for Group A Streptococci is negative? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Bacterial AGN tests are available for four organisms that are important causes of meningitis. What are those organisms? |
|
Definition
| Strep Pneumo, GBS, H. influenza (type B), and Neisseria meningitides |
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|
Term
Which of the following tests is the most reliable for determining the causative agent in a case of meningitis?
a. Gram-stained smear
b. culture
c. bacterial agn test |
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Definition
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|
Term
Match the specimen collection method with the appropriate body fluid:
Ascites Fluid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Match the specimen collection method with the appropriate body fluid:
Joint Fluid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Match the specimen collection method with the appropriate body fluid:
Middle Ear Fluid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Match the specimen collection method with the appropriate body fluid:
Pleural Fluid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following specimens has the highest priority:
A. Sputum
B. Normally sterile body fluids (e.g. CSF and joint fluid)
C. Stool
D. Urine |
|
Definition
| B. Normally sterile body fluids (e.g. CSF and joint fluid) |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of transport media? |
|
Definition
| Prevent drying, pH changes, and oxidation; Maintain MOs in the specimen so that they accurately represent the MOs in the infected site (no nutrients) |
|
|
Term
Which microscope objective is used to:
Examine and enumerate host cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which microscope objective is used to:
Examine and enumerate bacteria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can the gram-stained smear be used to determine a specimen's quality? |
|
Definition
| Presence or absence of squamous epithelial cells can be used to evaluate quality |
|
|
Term
| What does the presence of blue host cells in a gram-stained smear indicate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
For each medium listed, classify it according to its type (i.e. selective, nonselective, differential, enriched, enrichment, etc.):
Chocolate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
For each medium listed, classify it according to its type (i.e. selective, nonselective, differential, enriched, enrichment, etc.):
Blood Agar |
|
Definition
Nonselective
Enriched
Differential |
|
|
Term
For each medium listed, classify it according to its type (i.e. selective, nonselective, differential, enriched, enrichment, etc.):
PEA Agar |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
For each medium listed, classify it according to its type (i.e. selective, nonselective, differential, enriched, enrichment, etc.):
CNA Agar |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
For each medium listed, classify it according to its type (i.e. selective, nonselective, differential, enriched, enrichment, etc.):
MacConkey Agar |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
For each medium listed, classify it according to its type (i.e. selective, nonselective, differential, enriched, enrichment, etc.):
EMB Agar |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
For each medium listed, classify it according to its type (i.e. selective, nonselective, differential, enriched, enrichment, etc.):
XLD Agar |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
For each medium listed, classify it according to its type (i.e. selective, nonselective, differential, enriched, enrichment, etc.):
Hektoen Agar |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
For each medium listed, classify it according to its type (i.e. selective, nonselective, differential, enriched, enrichment, etc.):
SS Agar |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
For each medium listed, classify it according to its type (i.e. selective, nonselective, differential, enriched, enrichment, etc.):
Gram-Negative Broth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
For each medium listed, classify it according to its type (i.e. selective, nonselective, differential, enriched, enrichment, etc.):
Mannitol Salt Agar |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
For each medium listed, classify it according to its type (i.e. selective, nonselective, differential, enriched, enrichment, etc.):
Modified Thayer-Martin Agar |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
For each medium listed, classify it according to its Purpose:
Chocolate |
|
Definition
| Supports the growth of fastidious MOs |
|
|
Term
For each medium listed, classify it according to its Purpose:
Blood Agar |
|
Definition
| Supports the growth of may GP & GN MOs |
|
|
Term
For each medium listed, classify it according to its Purpose:
PEA Agar |
|
Definition
Selects for GP MOs
Inhibits GN MOs |
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|
Term
For each medium listed, classify it according to its Purpose:
CNA Agar |
|
Definition
Selects for GP MOs
Inhibits GN MOs |
|
|
Term
For each medium listed, classify it according to its Purpose:
MacConkey Agar |
|
Definition
Selects for nonfastidious GN Rods (enterics & pseudomonads)
Inhibits GP Mos
Differentiaties Lactose =/+ MOs |
|
|
Term
For each medium listed, classify it according to its Purpose:
EMB Agar |
|
Definition
Selects for nonfastidious GN Rods (enterics & pseudomonads)
Inhibits GP Mos
Differentiaties Lactose =/+ MOs |
|
|
Term
For each medium listed, classify it according to its Purpose:
XLD Agar |
|
Definition
| Used to culture Salmonella & Shigella |
|
|
Term
For each medium listed, classify it according to its Purpose:
Hektoen Agar |
|
Definition
| Used to culture Salmonella & Shigella |
|
|
Term
For each medium listed, classify it according to its Purpose:
SS Agar |
|
Definition
| Used to culture Salmonella & Shigella |
|
|
Term
For each medium listed, classify it according to its Purpose:
Gram-Negative Broth |
|
Definition
| Enriches for Salmonella & Shigella |
|
|
Term
For each medium listed, classify it according to its Purpose:
Mannitol Salt Agar |
|
Definition
Used to isolate Staph aureus
(Medium turns yellow b/c MO produces acid when it ferments Mannitol in the presence of 7.5% NaCl. Phenol red is the pH indicator.)
Other staph typically inhibited & appear red |
|
|
Term
For each medium listed, classify it according to its Purpose:
Modified Thayer-Martin Agar |
|
Definition
| Used to isolate N. gonorrhoeae & N. meningitides |
|
|
Term
Which medium and/or special incubation conditions should be used in the following situations:
Patient has hemorrhagic colitis or hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) |
|
Definition
| Sorbital MacConkey for E. coli O157 |
|
|
Term
Which medium and/or special incubation conditions should be used in the following situations:
Stool submitted for Campylobacter culture |
|
Definition
Medium: CAMPY-BAP, Campylobacter selective agar
Incubation Conditions: 42 degrees C & Microaerobic |
|
|
Term
Which medium and/or special incubation conditions should be used in the following situations:
Yersinia enterocolitica culture request |
|
Definition
Medium: CIN Agar
Incubation Conditions: RT |
|
|
Term
Which medium and/or special incubation conditions should be used in the following situations:
Cystic fibrosis patient with possible Burkholderia cepacia infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which medium and/or special incubation conditions should be used in the following situations:
Legionella suspected |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which medium and/or special incubation conditions should be used in the following situations:
Patient has pertussis |
|
Definition
Bordet-Gengou
Charcoal Horse Blood (Regan-Lowe) |
|
|
Term
Which medium and/or special incubation conditions should be used in the following situations:
Patient has diptheria |
|
Definition
Tinsdale
Cystine Tellurite
Loeffler's |
|
|
Term
Which medium and/or special incubation conditions should be used in the following situations:
N. gonorrhoeae culture request |
|
Definition
Medium: MTM
Incubation Conditions: 5-10% CO2 |
|
|
Term
What (if any) is the special appearance of the organism on the Sorbital MacConkey for E. coli O157:
Patient has hemorrhagic colitis or hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What (if any) is the special appearance of the organism on the CAMPY-BAP, Campylobacter selective agar:
Stool submitted for Campylobacter culture |
|
Definition
| Colonies may follow streak lines |
|
|
Term
What (if any) is the special appearance of the organism on the CIN agar:
Yersinia enterocolitica culture request |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What (if any) is the special appearance of the organism on the BCSA/OFPBL:
Cystic fibrosis patient with possible Burkholderia cepacia infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What (if any) is the special appearance of the organism on the Bordet-Gengou
Charcoal Horse Blood (Regan-Lowe):
Patient has pertussis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What (if any) is the special appearance of the organism on the Tinsdale:
Patient has diptheria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What (if any) is the special appearance of the organism on the Cystine Tellurite:
Patient has diptheria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What (if any) is the special appearance of the organism on the MTM:
N. gonorrhoeae culture request |
|
Definition
| May have small and large colonies |
|
|
Term
How should the following specimens be storied if they cannot be processed immediately upon arrival in the laboratory:
Urine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How should the following specimens be storied if they cannot be processed immediately upon arrival in the laboratory:
Sputum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How should the following specimens be storied if they cannot be processed immediately upon arrival in the laboratory:
Stool |
|
Definition
| Place in transport media; formed stool may be refrigerated if examination must be delayed |
|
|
Term
How should the following specimens be storied if they cannot be processed immediately upon arrival in the laboratory:
Blood Culture Bottles |
|
Definition
| May be held at RT or incubated at 35-37 degrees Celsius |
|
|
Term
Which media should be used to culture the following specimens:
CSF |
|
Definition
| BA, CHOC, Enriched Broth (THIO, BHI) |
|
|
Term
Which media should be used to culture the following specimens:
Joint |
|
Definition
| BA, CHOC, Enriched Broth (THIO, BHI) |
|
|
Term
Which media should be used to culture the following specimens:
Sputum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which media should be used to culture the following specimens:
Urine (clean catch or catheter) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which media should be used to culture the following specimens:
Wound |
|
Definition
| BA, EMB/MAC, PEA/CNA, Enriched Broth (THIO, BHI) |
|
|
Term
How should the following situations be handled:
Urine (for culture) that has been held at room temperature for >2 hours |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How should the following situations be handled:
Improperly labeled or unlabeled specimen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How should the following situations be handled:
Leaking container |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How should the following situations be handled:
Urine catheter tip for culture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How should the following situations be handled:
Vascular catheter tip for culture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How should the following situations be handled:
Sputum for anaerobic culture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How should the following situations be handled:
Clean catch or catheter urine for anaerobic culture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How should the following situations be handled:
Stool specimen for gram-stained smear |
|
Definition
| Gram stain & look for PMNs |
|
|
Term
How should the following situations be handled -
Gram-stained smear for Neisseria gonorrhoeae:
Urethral-male |
|
Definition
| Look for intracellular GNDC |
|
|
Term
How should the following situations be handled:
Gram-stained smear for Neisseria gonorrhoeae -
Throat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which anticoagulant is appropriate for blood cultures? |
|
Definition
| SPS (Sodium Polyanethol Sulfonate) |
|
|
Term
| What procedure should be followed when a blood culture instrument flags a bottle as "positive" and no organisms are observed in the gram-stained smear? |
|
Definition
| Subculture the bottle and reincubate |
|
|
Term
Which organism types (aerobic, anaerobic, facultative) grow in the following blood culture bottles:
Aerobic Bottle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which organism types (aerobic, anaerobic, facultative) grow in the following blood culture bottles:
Anaerobic bottle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What special procedures (if any) should be used to isolate the following organisms?
Satelliting streptococci |
|
Definition
| Inoculate plate and add staph streak |
|
|
Term
What special procedures (if any) should be used to isolate the following organisms?
Brucella - Manual |
|
Definition
Hold cultures for 30 days & subculture every 4-5 days onto BA or CHOC.
Incubate plates for 7 days before discarding as negative |
|
|
Term
What special procedures (if any) should be used to isolate the following organisms?
Brucella - Automatic |
|
Definition
| Hold cultures for 10 days |
|
|
Term
Are the following bottles aerobic or anaerobic:
"Vented bottle" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Are the following bottles aerobic or anaerobic:
"Unvented bottle" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which agar media should be inoculated when the following MOs are observed in a gram-stained smear of an Aerobic blood culture bottle:
Gram-Positive Cocci |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which agar media should be inoculated when the following MOs are observed in a gram-stained smear of an Aerobic blood culture bottle:
Gram-Positive Rods |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which agar media should be inoculated when the following MOs are observed in a gram-stained smear of an Aerobic blood culture bottle:
Gram-Negative Cocci |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which agar media should be inoculated when the following MOs are observed in a gram-stained smear of an Aerobic blood culture bottle:
Gram-Negative Rods |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which agar media should be inoculated when the following MOs are observed in a gram-stained smear of an Anaerobic blood culture bottle:
Gram-Positive Cocci |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which agar media should be inoculated when the following MOs are observed in a gram-stained smear of an Anaerobic blood culture bottle:
Gram-Positive Rods |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which agar media should be inoculated when the following MOs are observed in a gram-stained smear of an Anaerobic blood culture bottle:
Gram-Negative Cocci |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which agar media should be inoculated when the following MOs are observed in a gram-stained smear of an Anaerobic blood culture bottle:
Gram-Negative Rods |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which agar media should be inoculated when the following MOs are observed in a gram-stained smear of an Aerobic blood culture bottle:
Gram-Positives and Gram-Negatives |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which agar media should be inoculated when the following MOs are observed in a gram-stained smear of an Anaerobic blood culture bottle:
Gram-Positives and Gram-Negatives |
|
Definition
BA
CHOC
EMB/MAC
PEA/CNA
ANA-BA |
|
|
Term
What is the expected bacteremia pattern in the following situations:
Abnormal abscess |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the expected bacteremia pattern in the following situations:
Dental extraction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the expected bacteremia pattern in the following situations:
Endocarditis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the expected bacteremia pattern in the following situations:
Surgical procedure at infected site |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the clinical significance of the following:
Single bottle with Corynebacterium species (diphtheroids) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the clinical significance of the following:
Single bottle with coagulase-negative staphylococci |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the clinical significance of the following:
Single bottle with Bacillus species |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the clinical significance of the following:
Single bottle with Propionibacterium species |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the clinical significance of the following:
Multiple bottles with Corynebacterium species (diphtheroids) |
|
Definition
| Possible/Likely Significant |
|
|
Term
What is the clinical significance of the following:
Multiple bottles with coagulase-negative staphylococci |
|
Definition
| Possible/Likely Significant |
|
|
Term
| List the steps of the collection procedure for blood cultures (7) |
|
Definition
1. Disinfect the tops of the culture bottles with alcohol or iodine
2. clean patients skin with alcohol
3. rub an iodine solution in concentric circles away from the venipuncture site and allow to dry
4. Perform a venipuncture with needle and syringe. Collect appropriate amount of blood
5. Add 1/2 of blood to aerobic & 1/2 to anaerobic bottles
6. Remove iodine solution from patients skin
7. Transport bottles to lab at RT |
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