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Script Programming II Exam 1
Script Programming II Exam 1 Review
125
Computer Science
Undergraduate 4
02/14/2010

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Term

anchor

 

 

Definition

the code to mark a location within a document to which you want to be able to link

 

  • Syntax for anchor - <a name="id"></a>

Term

attribute

 

Definition

 

  • Elements also have these that provide browsers with additional information about how to treat them.  They are inserted into the element's opening tag using the following syntax:
    • attribute1="value1" attribute2="value2"
      • Attribute1 = name of attribute; value1 = value associate with attribute
    • Ex) <p align="right">Pixel Products</p>
  • can be listed in any order, but must be separated from one another in the opening tag by white space
  • Should enter their names in lowercase letters and enclose attribute values within quotation marks

 

 

 

 

 

Term

block-level elements

 

Definition

an element within the body element that contains content that is displayed in a separate section within a web page set off from other blocks

 

  • A block-level element contains content displayed in a separate section within the page, setting it off from other blocks - one example is the paragraph

Term

block level element

    <h1>

  

Definition

  • H = heading, one of the block level elements
  • Headings are titles placed within the page body, usually to mark different topics appearing on the page
    • Html supports 6, numbered h1 to h6 (h1 the largest and most prominent, h6 the minor heading)
  • Syntax - <hy>content</hy>
    • y = heading #

Term

block level element

<p>

 

Definition

  • Paragraph tag - <p>content of paragraph</p>
    • When a browser encounters this, it starts the enclosed content on a new line with blank space above it, separating the new paragraph from the preceding element

Term

block level element

   lists <ul>

Definition

  • For lists in which the items don't need to be placed in any special order, you can create an unordered list
  • <ul>

                     <li> item1 - milk</li>

                     <li> item2 - pie</li>

                      …

                    </ul>

  • This would show up in a browser as:
    • Milk
    • Pie

Term

block level element

lists <ol>

Definition

 

  • Use an ordered lists for items that have a prescribed sequential order
  • <ol>

                        <li> item1 - milk</li>

                        <li> item2 - pie</li>

                           …

                         </ol>

  • <li> - indicates a single list item
  • This would show up by default in a browser as:
    1. Milk
    2. pie

 

Term

block level elements

lists <dl>

 

Definition

  • A definition list contains a list of definition terms with each term followed by a definition description
    • <dl>

                          <dt>term1</dt>

                          <dd>definition1</dd>

                           < dt>term2</dt>

                          <dd>definition2</dd>

                          </dl>

  • This would show up as:
    • Term1

Definition

  • Term 2

definition

Term

block level element

<div>

 

Definition

a block-level element that is a generic container for block-level content; can be resized and floated to create different page layouts

  • HTML and XHTML also support a block-level element called the div element, which is a generic container for any block-level content
  • Syntax:

            <div>

Content (any page content you want to enclose)

          </div>

  • Browsers display content in block, but usually don't apply any other formatting

Term

cell padding

 

Definition

the sapce between the content of a table cell and the cell border

 

  • The space between the content of each table cell and the cell's border is known as cell padding. (default is 1)
    • Syntax for cellpadding:
      • <table cellpadding="value">…</table>
        • Value = size of the cell padding in pixels

Term

cell spacing

 

Definition

the amount of space between table cells

 

  • To change the amount of space between table cells, which is known as the cell spacing, use the cellspacing attribute:
    • <table cellspacing="value">…</table>
      • Value = size of the cell spacing in pixels

Term

check box

 

Definition

a control element for specifying an item as either present or absent

 

  • Check boxes are similar to option buttons except that they limit the user to only one of two possible choices.  Syntax:
    • <input type="checkbox" name="name" id="id" value="value" />
      • Name and id attributes - identify the check box
      • Value - specifies the value hat is sent to the server to if the check box is selected
        • Required for every checkbox, unlike option buttons - name and id should both be included even though they usually contain the same information
    • Ex)
      • <input type="checkbox" name="party" id="party" value="democrat" />
  • To have a web form open with a check box already selected, use the checked attribute as follows:
    • <input type="checkbox" checked="checked" />

Term

class attribute

 

Definition

  • To mark several elements as related, use the class attribute with the syntax:
    • Class="text"
      • Text = name of element class
    • Ex) <ul>

<li class="dairy">milk</li>

<li class="dairy">sour cream</li>

<li class="produce">celery</li>

<li class="produce">lettuce</li>

</ul>

Term

client

 

Definition

a computer or other device that requests services from a server

 

 

  • running computers known as clients.

 

Term

closing tag

 

Definition
a tag that indicates the end of a two-sided tag
Term

deprecated

Definition

when a feature of HTML or XHTML is being phased out by the W3C and might not be supported by future browsers

 

  • Older features of HTML are often deprecated by the W3C, meaning that they might not be supported in current or future browsers and you should use caution in applying them.

Term

dhtml

 

Definition
Includes several web technologies that work together
Client-side scripting (JavaScript)
DOM (Document Object Model)
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
Forms and Form Elements
Server-side Scripting (PHP, ASP, etc.)
Web-based Application (Java, Flash)

Feedback
Visual Effect
Mouseover effects or some appearance changing
Sound
Audio file feedback (click when button is selected)
Image rollovers
Changing an image as a mouse rolls over an image
Dropdown menus
Allowing a menu to appear with a click or a mouse over

Interactivity
May include some participating of a viewer in creating content
The viewer is in control of their experience on the web which may vary from a selecting a particular hyperlink to the creation of a complex video game
Term

element

 

Definition

a distinct object in a web document, such as a paragraph, heading, or the page's title

 

 

Term

field

 

Definition
in a form, a control element in whih a user can enter information
Term

field value

 

Definition
a piece of information entered in a field
Term

forms

 

Definition

 

  • One of the most important uses of the web is to collect information from users to order items, register products, or complete surveys and questionnaires. 
    • This is often done using web forms
    • The data from these forms can then be sent to a program running on a web server or client for processing
  • allow interactivity on the web
  • information entered in a web page is passed to a script that uses the information in some way
  • uses <form> and </form> elements

 

Term

frame

 

Definition

a section of the browser window capable of displaying the content of an entire web page.

Term

frameset

 

Definition

HTML code that defines the layout and content of the frames within the browser window

                       <html>

<head>

<title>title</title>

</head>

<frameset>

Frames

</frameset>

</html>

Term

html

 

Definition

Hypertext markup language

 

language used to mark the elements of a document to create a web page

 

  • A webpage is simply a text file that is written in a language called Hypertext Markup Language (HTML).

Term

id attribute

 

Definition

  • To identify distinct elements or groups of elements, use the id attribute
    • Syntax - id="text"
      • Text = unique name of id value
    • Ex) <p id ="leading">Welcome to pixel products.</p>

Term

inline elements

  

Definition

 placed within block-level and are not separated from other page content, flowing "in-line" with the rest of the characters in the block

Term

inline element

<b>

 

Definition
bold text inline element tag
Term

inline element

<i>

 

Definition
italic text inline element tag
Term

inline element

<u>

 

Definition
underlined text inline element tag
Term

inline element

<span>

 

Definition

  • A table cell occupies the intersection of a single row and a single column
    • Sometimes, needs to cover more than one row or column
  • To create a cell that spans columns in a table, you enter the <td> tag as
    • <td colspan ="value">…</td>
  • Span rows:
    • <td rowspan="value">…</td>
  • Span 2 columns and 2 rows:
    • <td rowspan="2" colspan ="2">…</td>

Term

input box

 

Definition
a control element for text and numerical entries
Term

link

 

Definition
an element in a hypertext document that allows a user to jump from one topic or document to another, usually by clicking it with a mouse button
Term

list box

 

Definition

the element in which a selection list occurs

 

  • A selection list is a list box from which a user selects a particular value or set of values.
    • Good idea when a field's input is a fixed set of possible responses; in such a case, a selection list helps prevent spelling mistakes and erroneous entries
    • Syntax:
      • <select name="name" id="id">

<option>item1</option>

<option>item2</option>

.

.

.

</select>

  • Name and id - identify the selection field
  • Each option element displays one option from the selection list along with a list arrow to view additional selection options
  • Syntax of the size attribute (to change the # of options displayed):
    • <select size="value">…</select>
      • Value - # of items that the selection list displays in the form
      • By specifying a value greater than 1, you change the selection list from a list box to a list box with a scroll bar
  • To enable multiple selections form the list use this syntax:
    • <select multiple="multiple">…</select>
    • To make multiple selections from a selection list, a user must hold down an access key while making selections.  Two different access keys with Windows:
      • Press and hold ctrl key
      • Select first item, press and hold shift key, and select last item
  • To specify the value that is sent to the server with the value attribute - syntax:
    • <option value="value">item</option>
      • Value - value associated with the selection item
  • You can also specify which item in the selection list is selected, or highlighted, when the form is initially displayed
    • Can specify a different value using the following:
      • <option selected="selected">item</option>

Term

nesting

 

Definition

  • he technique of placing one element within another 
    • When one element contains another element, you must close the inside element before closing the outside element
    • Ex) <html><head>head content</head><body>body content</body></html>

Term

one-sided tag

 

Definition

  • contains no content - <element />
    • Element = element name
    • HTML allows you to enter one-sided tags using the syntax <element> (no space and closing slash), but XHTML doesn't - include space and closing slash at all times
    • Elements that employ one-sided tags are called empty elements because they contain on content
      • Ex) line break - <br / >

Term

opening tag

 

Definition
the tag that indicates the beginning of a two-sided tag
Term

option button

 

Definition

a control element that allows users to select a single option from a predefined list

  • Option buttons, or radio buttons, confine users to making a selection from a list of predetermined choices - users can only select one option button at a time from a group.
    • Syntax: <input type="radio" name="name" id="id" value="value" />
      • Name - field containing the collection of option buttons
      • Id - identifies the specific option
      • Value = value of the selection options
    • The id attribute is optional, but you must include the name attribute because it groups distinct option buttons together
  • See figure A-18 pg JVS A30
  • If you want an option button to be selected when the form opens, you add the checked attribute to the input tag: <input type="radio" checked="checked" />

Term

ordered list

 

Definition

  • list for items that have a prescribed sequential order
  • <ol>

<li> item1 - milk</li>

<li> item2 - pie</li>

</ol>

  • <li> - indicates a single list item
  • This would show up by default in a browser as:
    1. Milk
    2. pie

Term

post method (form)

 

Definition

parameter that sends data in a spearate stream from the URL

 

sends form data in a separate data stream, allowing the web server to receive the data through what is called "standard input."

Term

radio button

 

Definition

  • Option buttons, or radio buttons, confine users to making a selection from a list of predetermined choices - users can only select one option button at a time from a group.
    • Syntax: <input type="radio" name="name" id="id" value="value" />
      • Name - field containing the collection of option buttons
      • Id - identifies the specific option
      • Value = value of the selection options
    • The id attribute is optional, but you must include the name attribute because it groups distinct option buttons together
  • See figure A-18 pg JVS A30
  • If you want an option button to be selected when the form opens, you add the checked attribute to the input tag: <input type="radio" checked="checked" />

Term

reset button

 

Definition

 

  • A web form usually contains push buttons that users can click to run a program, submit the form data for processing, or reset the form.  Syntax:
    • <input type="type" value="text" />
      • Type - button type
      • Text - text that appears on the button
      • to create a button to reset- value = reset
      • to create a button to run a program or script- value = button
  • For more artistic control use this syntax for a button element:
    • <button name="name" id="id" value="value" type="type">

Content (of the page

</button>

  • Name and value - specify name of the button and value sent to server-based program

 

Term

root element

 

Definition

  • Any markup document must include a root element, which contains all other elements in the document
    • For an HTML document, the root element is the html document
    • Basic structure of HTML document:
      • <html>

Content (anything in the document)

</html>

Term

selection list

 

Definition

  • A selection list is a list box from which a user selects a particular value or set of values.
    • Good idea when a field's input is a fixed set of possible responses; in such a case, a selection list helps prevent spelling mistakes and erroneous entries
    • Syntax:
      • <select name="name" id="id">

<option>item1</option>

<option>item2</option>

.

.

.

</select>

  • Name and id - identify the selection field
  • Each option element displays one option from the selection list along with a list arrow to view additional selection options
  • Syntax of the size attribute (to change the # of options displayed):
    • <select size="value">…</select>
      • Value - # of items that the selection list displays in the form
      • By specifying a value greater than 1, you change the selection list from a list box to a list box with a scroll bar
  • To enable multiple selections form the list use this syntax:
    • <select multiple="multiple">…</select>
    • To make multiple selections from a selection list, a user must hold down an access key while making selections.  Two different access keys with Windows:
      • Press and hold ctrl key
      • Select first item, press and hold shift key, and select last item
  • To specify the value that is sent to the server with the value attribute - syntax:
    • <option value="value">item</option>
      • Value - value associated with the selection item
  • You can also specify which item in the selection list is selected, or highlighted, when the form is initially displayed
    • Can specify a different value using the following:
      • <option selected="selected">item</option>

Term

server

 

Definition

a network node that makes informatino or a service available on the network

 

 documents were stored on network computers called servers,

Term

spanning cell

 

Definition

  • A table cell occupies the intersection of a single row and a single column
    • Sometimes, needs to cover more than one row or column
  • To create a cell that spans columns in a table, you enter the <td> tag as
    • <td colspan ="value">…</td>
  • Span rows:
    • <td rowspan="value">…</td>
  • Span 2 columns and 2 rows:
    • <td rowspan="2" colspan ="2">…</td>

Term

special characters

 

Definition

  • like copyright, math symbols. Syntax:
    • &code;
      • Code = code name or code number
      • Code numbers are preceded by a pound symbol (3)
  • Special characters and codes table
    • See pg JVS A18

Term

special character

    &copy

 

Definition
copyright symbol special character
Term

special character

    &gt

 

 

Definition
greater-than symbol special character
Term

special character

    &lt

   

Definition
less-than symbol special character
Term

special character

&amp

 

Definition
ampersand special character
Term

submit button

 

Definition

 

  • A web form usually contains push buttons that users can click to run a program, submit the form data for processing, or reset the form.  Syntax:
    • <input type="type" value="text" />
      • Type - button type
      • Text - text that appears on the button
      • To create a button to submit - value = submit
      • to create a button to run a program or script- value = button
  • For more artistic control use this syntax for a button element:
    • <button name="name" id="id" value="value" type="type">

Content (of the page

</button>

  • Name and value - specify name of the button and value sent to server-based program

 

Term

tag

 

Definition
the core building block of HTML; the code that marks the presence of an element
Term

text boxes

 

Definition
place where you can enter in text on a form
Term

text area

 

Definition

a control element from extended entries that can include several lines of text

 

 

  • Allows users to insert several lines of text
  • Syntax:
    • <textarea name="name" id="id" rows="value" cols="value">

Default text

</textarea>

 

Term

two-sided tag

 

Definition

  • Two-sided: <element> content</element>
    • Ex) <p> hi </p>
    • The scope of a two-sided tag is identified by its opening tag (<p>) and its closing tag (</p>), with the content (hi) placed between them
    • HTML doesn't distinguish between uppercase and lowercase letters, so you can use <p> or <P>, but XHTML requires all lowercase.

Term

W3C

 

Definition

  • A group of web developers, programmers, and analysts formed the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) to create a set of standards for all browser manufacturers to follow
    • No enforcement power, but because agreeing on a uniform approach to web page creation is in the best interests of everyone, the W3C'S recommendations are usually followed

Term

web browser

 

Definition

a program that retrieves a web page from a server and displays the page on a computer or other device

 

  • To view a web page, a users runs a software program called a web browser, which retrieves the page from the server and displays it

Term

web page

 

Definition
document on the world wide web
Term

web server

 

Definition
computer that stores and makes web pages available to any device connected to the internet
Term

white space


Definition

the blank spaces, tabs, and line breaks within the HTML file

Term
xhtml
Definition

 (Extensible Hypertext Markup Language)

 

designed to confront some of the problems associated with the different and competing versions of HTML and to better integrate HTML with XML

Term

<!--  comment -->          

 

 

 

Definition
comment tag for HTML syntax
Term

<DOCTYPE>                  

 

Definition

instruction to the web browser about what versino of the markup language the page is written in

 

three types:

strict

transitional

frameset

Term

<a href=”url”> </a>        

 

Definition

link syntax

 

allows you to change content into a link

Term

<b> </b>                   

 

Definition
bold text syntax tag
Term

<body> </body>             

 

Definition

body element tag

 

contains all of the content to be displayed in the web page

Term

<br />                     

 

Definition
line break tag
Term

<div> </div>               

 

Definition

div tag

 

a block-level element that is a generic container for block-level content; can be resized and floated to create different page layouts

 

  • HTML and XHTML also support a block-level element called the div element, which is a generic container for any block-level content
  • Syntax:

            <div>

Content (any page content you want to enclose)

          </div>

  • Browsers display content in block, but usually don't apply any other formatting

 

Term

<dl> </dl>

 

Definition
definition list tag
Term

<dt> </dt>               

 

Definition
definition term tag
Term

<h1> </h1>                 

 

Definition

header tag

 

can go from 1-6

Term

<head> </head>             

 

Definition

head element tag

 

 contains information about the document, such as the document's title or keywords that a search engine on the web might use to locate the document for others to use

Term

<hr />                     

 

Definition

inserts a horizontal rule (line) in the HTML document

 

horizontal rule tag

Term

<html> </html>             

 

Definition

  • Any markup document must include a root element, which contains all other elements in the document
    • For an HTML document, the root element is the html document
    • Basic structure of HTML document:
      • <html>

Content (anything in the document)

</html>

Term

<i> </i>                   

 

Definition
italic text tag
Term

<iframe> </iframe>         

 

Definition

  • displayed as a separate box or window within a web page in much the same way as inline images are placed within a page
  • Syntax:

<iframe src="url">

Alternate content

</iframe>

  • Url = url of document you want displayed in the inline frame
  • Alternate content - content you want displayed by browsers that don't support inline frames

Term

<img> </img>               

 

Definition

  • The most common nontextual object is the graphic image, which is placed within a web page as an inline image.
    • Must be placed within a block-level element such as a paragraph
    • To mark an inline image, use the img element:
      • <img src="url" alt="text"/>
        • Url = location and name of image file
        • Text = alternative text string that browsers can sue in place of an image

Term

<meta> </meta>             

 

Definition

  • store information about the document that could be of use to program running on web servers using a one-sided tag - <meta />
    • Ex) <meta name="text" content="text" scheme="text" http-equiv="text" />
    • Author meta tag - <meta name="author" content="name" />
  • Some websites use search engines to create lists of web pages devoted to particular topics - you can do this with a list of keywords in <meta /> tags
    • Ex)
      • <meta name="description" content="Pixel Products" />
      • <meta name="keywords" content="digital imaging, scanning, graphics"
  • A web document can contain only one title element, but several meta elements

Term

<ol> </ol>

 

Definition
ordered list tag
Term

  <li>  </li>             

 

Definition
list item tag
Term

<p> </p>                   

 

Definition

paragraph tag

 

inserts a new paragraph tag

Term

<span> </span>             

 

 

Definition
creates a generic inline element in HTML & XHTML tag
Term

<style> </style>           

 

Definition

 

  • embedded style definitions within the head element of a web document using the style element
    • Syntax:

<style>

Style declarations

</style>

  • Style declarations - declarations of different styles to be applied to the document
    • Applied to a group of elements within the document called the selector
    • Style declaration has the syntax:
      • Selector {style1: value1; style2: value2; style3: value3;…}
        • Selector - identifies and element or elements within the document
        • Style: value pairs - follow the same syntax that you use to apply inline styles to elements
  • Ex) - to make all h1 headings red:
    • <head>

<title> web page title </title>

<style>

h1 {color: red}

</style>

</head>

  • The style element supports several attributes that define the type of style sheet language to be used, the type of output media for which the style is designed, and a name or id that identifies the style elements. Syntax:
    • <style type="mime_type" media="media_type" title="text" id="text">

Style declarations

  • </style>
Term

<table> </table>

 

Definition

  • marked using the two-sided <table> tag
    • Nested within the table element is the tr element, which encloses the content of each table row.
    • The td element, which enclosed the content of each tr element:
    • Structure of web table:
      • <table>

<tr>

<td> first cell</td>

<td>second cell</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>third cell</td>

<td> fourth cell</td>

</tr>

</table>

  • Table with two rows and two columns
  • <td> = table data

Term

   <th> </th>

 

Definition
table header tag
Term

   <tr> </tr>

 

Definition
table row tag
Term

      <td>  </td>

 

Definition
table cell tag
Term

   <tf> </tf>              

 

Definition
table footer tag
Term

<title> </title>

 

Definition

  • specifies the page title that is displayed in the title bar of a user's web browser
    • Ex)
      • <head>

<title> Pixel Products</title>

</head>

Term

<ul> </ul>


Definition
unordered list tag
Term
   <li> </li>
Definition
list item tag
Term

absolute positioning


 

Definition

places an element at defined coordinates within its parent element

Term

attribute selector

 

Definition
declaration used to select an element based on the element's attributes
Term

border

 


Definition

  • Border width can be expressed using units of length or with the keywords "thin," "medium," or "thick."
  • Border color is defined using a color name or value
  • To work with individual borders, you can identify specific borders to format using the styles:
    • Border-top: width style color
    • Border-right: width style color
    • Border-bottom: width style color
    • Border-left: width style color

Term

cascading style sheet

 

Definition
language used to write a set of declarations describing the layout and appearance of a web site
Term

contextual selector

 

Definition

selector that applies a style based on the context in which an element is

 

  • way to apply a style based on the context in which an element is used
  • Syntax) parent descendant {style}
    • Parent = parent element
    • Descendant = descendant of the parent
    • Styles = styles to be applied to the descendant element
  • Ex)
    • li b {color: blue}

Term

class

 

Definition

  • To apply a style to a group of elements use the selector:
    • .class {styles}
      • Class = value of the class attribute for the group

Term

css

 

Definition

  • The most commonly used style sheet language used on the web is the Cascading Style Sheets language, known as CSS.
    • The specifications for CSS are maintained by the World Wide Web(W3C) Consortium and several version of CSS exist with varying levels of browser support

Term

<div> tag

 

Definition

a block-level element that is a generic container for block-level content; can be resized and floated to create different page layouts

 

  • HTML and XHTML also support a block-level element called the div element, which is a generic container for any block-level content
  • Syntax:

            <div>

Content (any page content you want to enclose)

          </div>

  • Browsers display content in block, but usually don't apply any other formatting

 

Term

em unit

 

Definition

typesetting standard

 

equal to the width of the capital letter "M"

Term

embedded style

Definition
style used in a document, placed in the head section of the document
Term

ex unit

 

Definition

typesetting standard

 

equal to the height of a lowercase "x"

Term

external style

 

Definition
style that is applied to a group of pages in a web site; included ina style sheet that is saved in a separate text file that contains only style declarations and linked to any page in a web site
Term

float

 

Definition

  • Style to float an element:
    • Float: margin
      • Margin = left or right

Term

font and text styles

 

Definition

font-style: type

font-weight: weight

text-decoration: type

text-transform: type

text-transform: capitalize

font-variant: type

 

font-family: fonts

font-size: length

 

text-align: type

vertical-align: type

 

Term

generic font

 

Definition

name for a grouping of fonts that share a similar appearnce;

 

five types:

serif

sans-serif

monospace

cursive

fantasy

 

name for the general description of the font's appearance

Term

hiding elements

 

Definition

  • Two ways:
    • Set display style to none:
      • Address {display: none{
    • Use visibility style:
      • Visibility: type
        • Type = can be
          • Visible - element visible
          • Hidden - hides element
          • Collapse - used with the tables to prevent a row or column from being displayed
          • Inherit (default) - causes an element to inherit the visibility of its parent

Term

id

 

 

Definition

  • To apply a style to an element based on the value of its id attribute use:
    • #id {styles}
      • Id = id value of an element in the document

Term

inline style

 

Definition

  • style that is applied to an element by adding the style attribute to the elements markup tag
    • Syntax:

<element style="style1: value1; style2: value2; style3: value3;…">

  • Element - name of the element
  • Style1, style2, style3 - names of the styles
  • Value1,value2, value3 - values associated with each style
  • Ex)
    • <h1 style="color: red">Pixal Products</h1>
  • Easy to use and interpret because they are applied directly to the elements they affect
  • Problems with inline style sheets:
    • Applies only to the specific element that it modifies

Term

kerning

 

Definition

amount of space between letters

Term

leading

 

Definition
typographic feature taht refers to the amount of space between lines of text
Term

margin

 

 

Definition

  • 4 styles that can be sued to control the size of the margin of a page element:
    • Margin-top: value
    • Margin-right: value
    • Margin-bottom: value
    • Margin-left: value
      • Value = size of the margin expressed in absolute units or as a percentage of the width of the parent element
      • Can also use the value auto
      • Ex) h1 {margin-top: 5; margin-right: 10; margin-bottom: 5; margin-left: 10}
  • Margin styles can also be combined into a single style:
    • Margin: top right bottom left
      • Top right bottom left- sizes of the corresponding margins

Term

padding

 

Definition

  • To increase the space between element content and its border, you increase the size of the padding using:
    • Padding-top: value
    • Padding-right: value
    • Padding-bottom: value
    • Padding -left: value
    • OR padding: top right bottom left
      • Value = value expressed in absolute units or as a percentage of the width of the block-level element

Term

pixel

 

Definition
smallest most fundamental unit or dot on an output device
Term

positioning

 

Definition

placing elements at specific coordinates on a page

Term

pseudo-class

 

Definition

 

a classification of an element based on its status, position, or current use in a document

 

used to create a rollover effect

 

  • To create a style for one, use:
    • Selector: pseudoclass {styles}
      • Selector = element or group of elements within the document
      • Pseudoclass = name of a pseudo-class
      • Styles = styles you want to apply

 

 

Term

pseudo-element

 

Definition

element that is not part of the document tree, but is instead abstracted from what is known of an element's content, use, or position in the document

 

  • Syntax:
    • Selector: pseudoelement {styles}
      • Selector = element or group of elements within a document
      • Pseudoelement = abstract element based on the selector
      • Styles = styles you want to apply to the pseudo element

Term

relative positioning

 

Definition

moves an element a specific distance from where the browser would have placed it

Term

rollover effect

Definition

visual effect in which an object changes apperance in response to the pointer hovering over the object

 

created by a pseudo-class

Term

scalable

 

Definition
when using relative units, the ability of a page to be rendered the same way no matter what font size a browser uses
Term

selector

 

Definition
element or group of elements within a document to which a style declration is applied
Term

<span> tag

 

Definition
  • best used as inline elements
  • only becomes useful when you apply a style to it
  • can apply both a class and id attribute to it
  • ex)
    • <span class="name"> content</span>
Term

stacking elements

 

Definition

  • By default, elements that are defined later in a document are placed on top of earlier elements.  To specify a different stacking order use:
    • z-index: value
      • Value = positive or negative integer or "auto"

Term

style inheritance


Definition

rule that specifies how styles are passed or cascaded down the document hierarchy from the more general levels to the more specific, when there is no conflict

 

causes style declarations to cascade down through the document hierarchy

Term
style sheet
Definition

a collection of properties that describes how elements within a document  should be rendered by the device presenting the document

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