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| an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form. |
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| the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life. |
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| any change in an organisms environment |
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| an organisms reaction to stimulus |
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| parts of an organism that preforms a specific task |
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| a group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function |
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| groups of organs that work together to perform a certain task, such as digestion or breathing |
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| tiny blood vessels that connect arteries to veins one cell thick layer and extremely narrow |
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| an optical device used for viewing very small things. has at least two lenses |
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| compound light microscope |
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| a microscope that has two or more lenses and a light source |
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| a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function |
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| thin structure that encloses all the contents of a plant or animal cells |
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| outer covering of a cell that provides strength and support |
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| contents of the cell in side the cell membrane excluding the nucleus |
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| an organelle that controls all activity in a cell |
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| organelles that store water and other substances required by the cell |
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| structures in cells that preform a certain funtion |
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| an organelle that converts energy the cell recives in to a form it can use |
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organelles that convert sunlight into
food. found only in some plant cells |
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| type of microscopic organisms |
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| made of more than one cell |
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usually unicellular organisms
that can be seen only through a microscope |
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foot-like projections on an amoeba;
used for movement and capturing food |
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| hair-like extensions that protrude from the surface of some unicellular organisms and from some cells in multicellular organisms |
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the movement of particles of a
substance from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
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describes a membrane with very small openings that allow particles of
some substances, but not others, to pass through |
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diffusion of water through a selectively
permeable membrane |
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| cells that have specific structures that help them to perform particular functions |
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| small, pliable cells that have no nucleus and are specialized for carrying oxygen to all the cells of the body |
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| type of connective tissue found in the bones that produces red blood cells |
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| physical breakdown of food into small particles |
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| breakdown of large food particles into smaller particles by enzymes |
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| substance created by the body to carry out chemical digestion |
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| wave-like muscle contractions along the digestive system |
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| juice liquid in stomach made of mucus, hydrochloric acid, enzymes, and water. chemically digests food |
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| small finger-like projections on the inner surface of the small intestine that absorb nutrients (singular villus) |
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| finger-like projections on the cells that line the villi (singular micro-villus) |
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Definition
large muscle below the lungs that
helps move air in and out of the lungs; part that
changes the size of a camera’s aperture. it varies the amount of light that reaches the film |
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| two main branches of the trachea that lead into the lungs |
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| tubes that connect the bronchi to the air sacs in the lungs |
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| tiny air-filled sac in the lungs; the site of gas exchange |
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| upper chambers of the heart that receive blood from the body and lungs |
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| lower chambers of the heart that pump blood to the body |
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thick-walled blood vessels that take
blood away from the heart to the rest of the body |
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| blood vessels that return blood from the body to the heart. have valves |
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| blood cells specialized to fight infection |
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| cell fragments in the blood that help stop bleeding at cuts |
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| filtering units of the kidney that remove wastes from the blood and produce urine |
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| removal of waste products from the blood using a machine that functions as a kidney |
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| tissue of the brain, spinal chord, and nerves |
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specialized cells of the nervous system
that receive and transmit information |
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small branches of a neuron that receive
information from neighbouring cells |
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| long extension of a neuron’s cell body that transmits information to neighbouring cells |
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| division of the nervous system composed of the brain and spinal chord |
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| Peripheral Nervous System |
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| division of the nervous system composed of the cranial and spinal nerves |
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| cells that carry information from the body to the central nervous system |
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| carry information from the central nervous system to the muscles or other organs |
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| division of the peripheral nervous system that controls voluntary responses |
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| division of the peripheral nervous system that controls automatic responses in the body, such as heartrate |
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| neurons in the central nervous system that connect sensory neurons to motor neurons |
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| automatic response to a stimulus. happens very quickly and without conscious control |
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| disease that produces a rash and high fever and can cause blindness and death. the first disease to be controlled by a vaccine |
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| substance that is taken by or injected into an animal or person to produce an immunity to a disease. usually prepared from a mild form of the disease |
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| dark sticky substance formed when tobacco burns |
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| colourless, odourless gas that is released when a cigarette burns |
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| addictive drug found in cigarettes that speeds up the heart and raises blood pressure |
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| disease in which mucus builds up in the bronchi and causes them to become narrower |
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| disease that causes damage to lung tissue, causing shortness of breath |
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| growth of tumours, which take up space in the lungs, making breathing difficult |
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| cholesterol build-up on the walls of arteries |
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| painful sores on the stomach lining often caused by the micro-organism |
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