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| Each plant must contain 2 factors for a particular trait. In some plants,the two factors were both for the tallness trait. These plants were true-breeders and only produced tall plants. Similarly, some plants contained two shortness factors and were true-breeders for short plants. However, some plants cntained one tallness factor and one shortness factor |
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| What are Homologous Chromosomes?? |
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Definition
| chromosomes that carry the same set of genes, the genes are in the same sequence and the chromosomes have the same structure. |
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| In some gene pairs the genes are neither dominant nor recessive. One gene does not hide the other. The symbols are written in all capital letters |
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| A diagram used for tracing a genetic trait through generations of a family. |
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| Reproduction in wich there is only one parent, the offspring looks identical to the parent. |
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| Reproduction in wich 2 parents create the offspring. |
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Definition
a type of cell division , Meiosis produces sex cells with half of the origional number of chromosomes.
CHROMOSOMES COPIED ONCE
NUCLEUS DIVIDES TWICE
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| Sex cells are made during Meiosis and half half the usual number of chromosomes. |
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| Sex Linked Disorders and why they are more common in males. |
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| Since females have 2 X chromosomes, a recessive gene that casues the trait or disorder on X chromosome can be hidden by a dominant gene on the other X chromosome while men only have one Y chromosome so there is nothing to hde the trait or disorder. |
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| in Eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms 2 new neuclei, each of wich has the same number of cromsomes. |
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Definition
After seeing Franklins X- Ray images, Watson and Crick concluded that DNA must look like a long twisted ladder. |
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The DNA model is in the form of a double Helix and it looks like a ladder. |
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Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine
Adenine and Thymine go togther while Guanine and Cytosine go togther. |
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Term
The rungs of the ladder are made of______
The Sides of the ladder are made of________ |
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Definition
The rungs of the ladder are made of the 4 nucleotides of DNA
The sides of the ladder are made of Sugar and Phosphate |
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| How does a DNA molecule copy? |
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Definition
DNA splits down the middle so that a copy can be made, a new complementary strand forms along each half of the origional molecule. |
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Definition
In a nucleic-acid chain, a subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base. |
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| Strings of Nucleotides = a _____ |
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Definition
| string of nucleotides = a complimentary strand |
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Definition
| The 3 types of mutations are Insertions, Deletions, and Substitution |
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| Relationships with Genes and DNA |
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Definition
Inherited Characteristics are detirmined by genes, and genes are passed from one generation to the next, Genes are parts of chromosomes wich are structures in the nucleus of most cells. Chromosomes are made of protein and DNA |
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Definition
Nucleotides, Nucleotides contain of a Sugar, a Phosphate, and a base. |
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Definition
| DNA fingerprinting is used for identification because everyone has different DNA unless you have an identical twin. |
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When DNA splits down the middle a new complimentary strand forms along each half of the origional molecule. |
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| Genetic Engineering uses& examples |
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| Genetic engineering is when humans do something to improve something. |
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| Results of mutation are positive (insertion), Negative (deletion),or neutral (substitution). |
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| Amino Acid is made up of a group of____ |
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Definition
| Amino acid is made up of a group of proteins |
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