Term
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Definition
observation
hypothesis
test hypothesis
theory |
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Term
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Definition
| way of knowing and understanding the world |
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Term
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Definition
integrates and unifies a body of data collected over time
must be falsifiable, but can never be proven
should have predictive power
can't be overthrown by one discordant fact
can only be replaced by another theory that explains and integrates all data including discordant facts |
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Term
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Definition
| generally accepted theory that should apply to all ranges of time and space |
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Term
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Definition
pure science
driven by person's curiosity
way of understanding universe |
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Term
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Definition
goal is to solve a specific problem
related to the development of a technology |
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Term
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Definition
| practical application of scientific knowledge |
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Term
| why is clmate change hard to study |
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Definition
| vast. many variables, hard to control |
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Term
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Definition
must be observable
must be reproducable
methods must produce valid empirical data
hypothesis must be falsifiable |
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Term
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Definition
claims to be science but it's not
ie. astrology, urban legends |
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Term
| characteristics of pseudoscientific theories |
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Definition
can't be tested in any way
have been tested and always failed
predict results which are contradictory to well established science |
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Term
| categories of pseudoscientific theories |
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Definition
dogma-coming down from higher source
mysticism- some force that affects you
false scientific claims to sell something |
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Term
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Definition
God created the earth 5-50 thousand years ago
all science points away from this |
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Term
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Definition
| species gradually changed over time |
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Term
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Definition
life forms started small and gradually became more complex
some maker or creator |
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Term
| 3 fundamental categories of measurement |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
powers of 10
basic units are gram, meter, liter
add prefix |
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Term
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Definition
exact- 12, 5, 7
inexact- any measurement 3.6 g, 22.4, 57 in |
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Term
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Definition
precision- same place over and over
accuracy- average is close to right place
in science we want both |
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Term
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Definition
always estimate last digit
assumed to be + or - 1 |
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Term
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Definition
| liquid delivery device, read 2 decimal places |
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Term
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Definition
| smallest unit of an element that can still be identified as that element |
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Term
| plum pudding model of atom (thomson) |
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Definition
| electrons floating around in positively charged "pudding" |
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Term
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Definition
most of mass at center of atom (nucleus)
electrons in orbit around nucleus
couldn't explain line spectrum |
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Term
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Definition
electrons can change energy levels
electrons in orbit around nucleus
electrons only allowed in specific quantized orbits
atoms gain or lose energy through changing energy levels |
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Term
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Definition
charge- +1
mass- 1 amu
location- nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
charge- 0
mass- 1 amu
location- nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
charge- -1
mass- 0 amu
location- outside nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| # of protons + # of neutrons |
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Term
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Definition
| same atomic #, different mass #s |
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Term
| how do electrons fill quantum shells |
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Definition
first shell can hold 2 electrons
second shell can hold 8 electrons
valence shell- outermost shell |
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Term
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Definition
| atoms with 8 electrons in their valence shell |
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Term
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Definition
| atoms will react in such a way as to obtain 8 electrons in their valence shell |
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Term
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Definition
compound- more than one chemical species
molecule- 2 of the same element |
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Term
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Definition
giving away of electrons
usually formed with elements on opposite side of pt |
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Term
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Definition
sharing of electrons
tend to be nonmetals (SCHNOPSi) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| sum of atomic weight of each atom in the molecule |
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Term
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Definition
ability to attract electrons in a covalent bond
upper right corner of pt usually electronegative |
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Term
| polar covalent bond vs nonpolar |
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Definition
polar- electrons not shared evenly
nonpolar- shared evenly |
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Term
| why is polarity important |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| conversion of a covalent bond into ions |
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Term
molecules of the day
absorbs blue light/appears yellow
used in chicken feed to improve color
found in green leafy veggies and pumpkins
possibly decreases risk for macular degeneration |
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Definition
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Term
white odorless powder
college students use frequently
naturally occurring compound in coffee beans and cocoa beans |
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Definition
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Term
approved by FDA in 1999
anti-viral neuraminidase inhibitor
history of production shortage due to difficulty obtaining raw materials
difficult synthesis limits production
used to treat influenza
marketed by Pioche as tamiflu |
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Definition
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Term
similar to caffeine
found in chocolate, cola, and tea
food of the gods
can kill your dog |
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Definition
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Term
occurs naturally in many plants
can be synthesized from fossil-based precursors
present in whiskey
probably have some in kitchen
often imitated |
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Definition
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Term
irritant that produces burning
human tongue can detect at 1 part per 100,000
active ingredient in pepper spray
heat is measured in scoville units |
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Definition
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