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| current syntactical similarity. Adds balance and rhythm and most importantly, clarity to a sentence. |
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| establishes a clear, contrasting relationship between two ideas by joining them together or juxtaposing them, often in parallel structure. |
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| uses several rhetorical devices involving departure from normal word order. |
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| a final form of hyperbaton, consists of a word, phrase, or whole sentence inserted as an aside in the middle of the sentence. |
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| a noun or noun substitute placed next to (in opposition to) another noun to be described or defined by the appositive. The appositive can be placed before or after the noun. |
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| the omission of a word or short phrase easily understood in context. |
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| consists of omitting conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses. |
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| is recurrence of initial consonant sounds. the repetition can be juxtaposed(and then it is usually limited to two words. |
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| similar vowel sounds repeated in successive or proximate words containing different consonants. |
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| is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or sentences, commonly in conjunction with climax and with parallelism. |
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| (also called antistrophe) forms the counterpart to anaphora, because of the repetition of the same word comes at the end of the successive phrases, clauses, or sentences. |
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| repeats the beginning word of a clause or sentence at the end. The beginning and the end are the positions of strongest emphasis in a sentence. |
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| repeats the last word of the phrase, clause, or sentence, at or very the beginning of the next. |
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| consists of arranging words, clauses, or sentences in the order of increasing importance, weight, or emphasis. Parallelism usally has a role in this scheme. |
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| is a figure of emphasis in which the words in one phrase or clause are replicated, exactly or closely, in reverse grammatical order in the next phrase or cluase; an inverted order of repeated words in adjacent phrases or cluases. |
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| is the repetition of words derived from the same root but with different endings. |
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| A comparison made by referring to one thing as another. |
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| An explicit comparison, often(but not necessarily) employing "like" or "as." |
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| A whole is represented by naming one od its parts (genus named for species), or vice versa (species name for genus). |
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| Reference to something or someone by naming one of its attributes. |
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| a pun is play on words that sounds the same but have different meanings |
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| Substitution of one part of speech for another( such as a noun used as a verb). |
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| The substitution of a descriptive word or phrase for a proper name (a species or circumlocution)or, conversely, the use of a proper name such as a shorthand to stand for qualities associated with it. |
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| Reference to abstractions or inanimate objects as though they had human qualities. |
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| Rhetorical exaggeration. Hyperbole is often accomplished via comparisons, simile, and metaphors. |
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| Deliberate understatement, especially when expressing a thought by denying its opposite. |
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| The rhetorical question is usually defined as any question asked for a purpose other than to obtain the information the question asks. |
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| speaking in such a way as to imply the contrary of what one says, often for the purpose of derision, mockery or jest. |
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| using or inventing a word whose sound imitates that which it names(the union of phonetics and semantics). |
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| Placing two ordinarily opposing terms adjacent to one another. A compressed paradox. |
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