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| A neurotransmitter released by neurons to excite an action potential or trigger a muscle to contract. |
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| Protein filaments that, along with myosin, allow muscles to contract. |
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| Two glands, the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla, located on the kidney. |
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| A vascular flowering plant in which seeds are enclosed inside protective ovaries, such as fruit or flowers. Angiosperms can be monocots or dicots. |
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Pollen-producing structure at the top of the stamen, the male reproductive organ of flowers.
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| A protein coat on the surface of red blood cells; a red blood cell may have a protein coat of type A, B, or AB. If the cell has no antigens, it is called type O. The presence of a foreign antigen in a body will cause blood to clot. |
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| The largest artery in the body; carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle of the heart. |
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| Literally, zone without light. The aphotic zone is part of the marine pelagic zone and begins 600 feet below the surface of the ocean. Only chemosynthetic organisms, scavengers, and predators are able to survive in this habitat. |
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| Vessel that carries blood away from the heart and has thick, elastic, muscular walls that can dilate or contract to control blood pressure within the vessels. Blood in arteries is oxygenated, with the exception of the blood in the pulmonary artery. |
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| One in a class of plant hormones that stimulates (among other things) cell elongation, secondary tissue growth, and fruit development. |
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| Asexual reproduction found in prokaryotes in which a cell divides into two equal daughter cells by a nonmitotic process. |
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| Roughly spherical underground bud containing additional buds that can develop asexually into new plants. |
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| A firm but flexible substance, found in regions of vertebrate skeletons, such as the ribs, that need to bend. |
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| Part of the brain. Makes sure that movements are coordinated and balanced. |
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| Part of the brain. Controls all voluntary movement, sensory perception, speech, memory, and creative thought. |
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| Synthesizing organic compounds by energy derived from chemical reactions rather than from the energy of the sun. Chemosynthetic organisms are autotrophs. |
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| Behavior cycles that depend on time of day. |
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| An organelle often found in protozoa that pumps excess water out of the cell to keep the cell from bursting in a hypotonic environment (like freshwater). |
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| After releasing its ovum (ovulation), the follicle becomes the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone for the continued buildup of the uterine wall. |
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| The entire content of the cell outside the nucleus, including the membrane-bound organelles and the cytosol. |
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| The main component of the cytoplasm. It is a grayish, gel-like liquid containing the nucleus, organelles, and cytoskeleton. |
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| A flowering plant (angiosperm) that possesses two cotyledons during embryonic development. Usually has taproots, flower parts in multiples of fours and fives, and branching veins in leaves. |
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| The total number of chromosomes present in a somatic cell. The diploid number is twice the haploid number. In humans, the diploid number is 46. |
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| An instrument that uses an electron beam to form clear and highly magnified images of microscopic structures. Electron microscopes cannot take pictures of living organisms. |
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| A network of membrane-bound tubes and sacs in the cytoplasm. The endoplasmic reticulum is a major site of protein and lipid synthesis. |
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