Term
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Definition
| The number of transistors per square inch on an integrated chip doubles every 18 months. |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to make and manipulate models. |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to model the components of the system, to connect the inputs and outputs among those components into a sensible whole that reflects the structure and dynamics of the phenomenon observed. |
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Term
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Definition
| the activity of two or more people working together to achieve a common goal, result, or work product |
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Term
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Definition
| making a reasoned analysis of an opportunity, envisioning potential solutions, evaluating those possibilities, and developing the most promising ones, consistent with the resources you have |
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Term
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Definition
| group of components that interact to achieve some purpose |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of components that interact to produce information. |
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Term
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Definition
| computer hardware, software, data, procedures, and people. these are all present in ever information system |
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Term
| computer-based information system |
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Definition
| information system that uses a computer |
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Term
| MIS or Management information systems |
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Definition
| the development and use of information systems that help businesses achieve their goals and objectives. Has three key elements: development and use, information systems, and business goals and objectives. |
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Term
| Information technology (IT) |
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Definition
| refers to the products, methods, inventions, and standards that are used for the purpose of producing information. pertains to the hardware, software, and data components. |
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Term
| difference between IT and IS |
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Definition
| IT-you can buy or lease hardware, license programs and databases, it is your people who execute those procedures to employ that new IT. IS-you cannot buy it. example is managing your facebook page |
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Term
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Definition
| a network of activities, roles, resources, repositories, and data flows that interact to accomplish a business function |
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Term
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Definition
| collections of related tasks that recive inputs and process those inputs to produce outputs. can be manual, automated, or a combination. |
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Term
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Definition
| a question that can be answered yes or no. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| people, facilities, or computer programs that are assigned to roles |
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Term
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Definition
| collection of business records |
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Term
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Definition
| the movement of a data item from one activity to another activity or to a repository |
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Term
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Definition
| knowledge derived from data where data is defined as recorded facts or figures. |
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Term
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Definition
| information that is based on correct and complete data, and it has been processed correctly as expected |
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Term
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Definition
| information that is prouduced in time for its intended use |
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Term
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Definition
| information that directly pertains to both the context and to the subject it references |
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Term
| just barely sufficient information |
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Definition
| information that is sufficient for the purpose for which it is generated, but only so. |
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Term
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Definition
| appropriate relationship must exist between the cost of information and its value |
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Term
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Definition
| a model for determining the potential of profitability of an industry. page 48 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of money that a customer is willing to pay for a resource, product, or service |
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Term
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Definition
| the difference between the value that an activity generates and the cost of the activity |
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Term
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Definition
| a network of value-creating activities. that generic chain consists of five primary activities and four support activities |
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Term
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Definition
| business functions that relate directly to the production of the organization's products or services |
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Term
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Definition
| business functions that assist and facilitate the primary activities |
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Term
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Definition
| interactions across value activities. included in porter's model of business activities |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of electronic components and related gadgetry that input, process, output, and store data according to instructions encoded in computer programs or software |
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Term
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Definition
| keyboard, mouse, document scanners, and bar=code scanners, microphones |
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Term
| central processing unit (CPU) |
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Definition
| the "brain" of the computer. processing devices include this. |
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Term
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Definition
| a computer with two cpu's |
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Term
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Definition
| computers have four CPU's |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of circuitry for storing data and instructions that are acted upon by the CPU |
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Term
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Definition
| random access memory. main memory. |
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Term
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Definition
| electronic components on thin fiberglass backing that can be added to the computer to augment its basic capabilities |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of video displays, printers, audio speakers, overhead projectors, and other special-purpose devices, such as flatbed plotters |
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Term
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Definition
| saves data and programs. magnetic disk is most common storage evice as well as cd's and dvd's |
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Term
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Definition
| how computers represent data. a bit is either a zero or a one. used for computer data because easy to represent electronically |
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Term
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Definition
| bits are grouped into these 8-bit chunks |
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Term
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Definition
| collection of 1,024 bytes |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| to execute an instruction in a program or when processing data you move the instruction from main memory into the cpu via this |
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Term
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Definition
| the cpu has a small amount of very fast memory called this. the cpu keeps frequently used instructions in this. expensive |
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Term
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Definition
| a program that controls the computer's resources |
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Term
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Definition
| a processor that can effectively utilize up to 4GB of main memory |
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Term
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Definition
| a processor that can use, by today's standards, an almost unlimited amount of main memory and have speed advantages as well |
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Term
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Definition
| the cache and main memories contents are lost when the power is off |
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Term
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Definition
| magnetic and optical disks are this because their contents survive when the power is off |
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Term
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Definition
| users employ these for word processing, spreadsheets, database access and so forth |
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Term
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Definition
| provide service. some process email, others websites, others large shared databases |
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Term
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Definition
| servers are organized into a collection of servers. coordinate their activities in an incredibly sophisticated and fascinating technology dance. |
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Term
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Definition
| commands that a CPU can process |
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Term
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Definition
| the right to use a certain number of copies of that program subject to limits on the vendor's liability |
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Term
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Definition
| large organizations by these which is a flat fee payment for the right to install the product on all of that company's computers or on all of the computers at a specific site |
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Term
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Definition
| the process whereby multiple operating systems share the same hardware |
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Term
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Definition
| a version of unix that was developed by the open source community |
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Term
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Definition
| operating systom developed at bell labs in the 70s. has been the workhorse of the scientific and engineering communities since then |
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Term
| horizontal market application |
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Definition
| software that provides capabilities common accross all organizations and industries |
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Term
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Definition
| performs a service or function |
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Term
| vertical-market application |
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Definition
| software serves the needs of a specific industry |
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Term
| one or a kind application |
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Definition
| software is developed for a specific, unique need |
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Term
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Definition
| computer software that is installed into devices such as printers,print servers, and varioius types of communication devices |
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Term
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Definition
| programs that don't connect to any server to run (word, excel) |
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Term
| client-server applications |
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Definition
| applications that process code on both the client and the server |
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Term
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Definition
| an application that is one that runs within a browser(explorer or firefox) and need not be preinstalled |
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Term
| general public license(GPL) agreement |
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Definition
| one of the standard license agreements for open source software |
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Term
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Definition
| computer code as written by humans and that is understandable by humans |
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Term
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Definition
| source code is compiled into this that is processed by a computer |
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Term
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Definition
| self-describing collection of integrated records |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| bytes are grouped into these |
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Term
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Definition
| columns or fields are grouped into these |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of similar rows or records |
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Term
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Definition
| columns that fulfill a roll |
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Term
| relational databases or relation |
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Definition
| databases that carry their data in the form of tables and that represent relationships using foreign keys |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| database application system |
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Definition
| an assembly of forms, reports, queries, and application programs that process a database |
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Term
| structured query language (SQL) |
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Definition
| is an international standard language for processing a database. |
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Term
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Definition
| a collection of forms, reports, queries, and application programs that process a database |
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Term
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Definition
| used to read, insert, modify, and delete data |
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Term
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Definition
| show data in a structured context |
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Term
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Definition
| multiple users processing the same database |
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Term
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Definition
| exemplifies of of the special characteristics of multiuser database processing |
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Term
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Definition
| products process large organizational and workgroup databases. support many (perhaps thousands) of users and many different database applications |
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Term
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Definition
| products are decigned for smaller, simpler database applications |
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Term
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Definition
| a collection of computers that communcate with one another over transmission lines or wirelessly |
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Term
| LAN or local area network |
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Definition
| connects computers that reside in a single geographic location on the premises of the company that operates the lan |
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Term
| WAN or wide area networks |
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Definition
| connect computers at different geographic locations |
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Term
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Definition
| network of networks. connect lans wans and other internets |
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Term
| small office or home office SOHO |
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Definition
| such LANs have fewer than a dozen or so computers and printers. |
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Term
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Definition
| a special-purpose computer that recieves and transmits wired traffic on the LAN |
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Term
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Definition
| contains several important networking components. has a switch and also has a device for wireless communication |
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Term
| network interface card NIC |
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Definition
| a device that connects the computer's or printer's circuitry to the network cables |
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Term
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Definition
| NIC built into the computers circuitry |
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Term
| unsheilded twisted pair (UTP) cable |
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Definition
| most LAN connections are made using this. this cable contains sets of wires that are twisted together to improve signal quality |
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Term
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Definition
| in wireless computers and printer this is used instead of NIC. today nearly all personal computers ship from the factory with this |
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Term
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Definition
| the WNIC devices connect to this which is the component of the LAN device that processes wireless traffic and communicates with the wired switch |
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Term
| Ethernet or IEEE 803.3 protocol |
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Definition
| protocal stadared, specifies hardware characteristics such as which wires carry which signals. also describes how messages are to be packaged and processed for wired transmission over the LAN |
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Term
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Definition
| the NIC in most personal computers today suports this. |
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Term
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Definition
| wireless lan connections use this |
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Term
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Definition
| another common wireless protocol designed for transmitting data over short distances, replacing cables |
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Term
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Definition
| performs the conversion of digital data into an analog(wavy) |
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Term
| digital subscriber line or DSL modems |
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Definition
| operate on the same lines as voice telephones but their signals do not interfere with voice telephone service |
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Term
| assymmetric digital subscriber lines ADSL |
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Definition
| DSL lines that have different upload and download speeds. most homes and small businesses have this |
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Term
| symmetrical digital subscriber lines SDSL |
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Definition
| offer same fast speed in both directions |
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Term
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Definition
| provide high-speed data transmission using cable television lines |
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Term
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Definition
| have transmission speeds less than 56 kbps |
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Term
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Definition
| have speeds in excess of 256 kpbs |
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Term
| TCP or Transmission Control Protocol |
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Definition
| most important protocol in the transport layer. break your traffic up into pieces and send each piece along its way |
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Term
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Definition
| protocol that specifies the routing of the pieces of your data communication through the networks that comprise nay internet |
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Term
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Definition
| a piece of a message that is handled by programs that implement IP |
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Term
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Definition
| a special purpse computer that moves packet traffic according to the rules of IP |
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Term
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Definition
| a number that identifies a particular service |
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Term
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Definition
| identify a particular device on the public internet |
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Term
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Definition
| identify a particular device on a private network, usually on a LAN |
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Term
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Definition
| most common format of IP addresses and has decimal dotted notation like 165.193.123.253 |
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Term
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Definition
| unique name that is affiliated with a public IP adress |
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Term
| URL or Uniform Resource Locator |
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Definition
| an address on the internet. http:// |
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Term
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Definition
| almost all e-commerce applications use this which is an arrangement of user computers and servers into three categories or tiers |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of computers, phones, and other devices that have browsers that request and process web pages |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of computers that run Web servers and process application programs |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of computers that run a DBMS that processes SQL requests to retrieve and store data. |
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Term
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Definition
| a document that is coded in one of the standard page marking languages. HTML |
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Term
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Definition
| programs that run on a server tier computer and that manage HTTP traffic by sending and receiving Web pages to and from clients |
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Term
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Definition
| an application program that runs on a servier tier computer |
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Term
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Definition
| to ensure acceptable performance, commercial web sites usually are supported by several or even many Web server computers in this facility |
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Term
| Hpertext Markup Language HTML |
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Definition
| is the most common language for devining the structure and layout of webpages. an HTML tag is a notation used to define a data element for display or other purposes. |
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Term
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Definition
| webpages include this. pointers to other web pages. contains URL of the web page |
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Term
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Definition
| a variable used to provide properties about a tag |
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Term
| XML or extensible markup language |
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Definition
| a markup language that fixes several HTML deficiencies and is commonly used for program to program interaction over the web |
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Term
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Definition
| an addon to browsers that was developed by adobe and is useful for providing animation, movies, and other advanced graphics inside a browser |
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Term
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Definition
| a browser add-on that was developed by microsoft for the same purposes as flash. newer technology and rmore functionality than flash but is less frequently used. |
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Term
| virtual private network VPN |
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Definition
| uses the internet to create the appearance of private point to point connections. something that appears to exist but does not exist |
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Term
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Definition
| a virtual, private pathway over a public or shared network from the VPN client to the VPN server |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when two or more people work together to achieve a common goal, result, or work product. when it is effective the results of the group are greater than could be produced by any of the individuals working alone |
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Term
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Definition
| a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable |
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Term
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Definition
| team accomplishes goals and objectives in a way that satisfies the team's sponsors and clients, over time the team increases in capability, team members learn and feel fulfilled as a result of working on the team |
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Term
| synchronous communication |
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Definition
| occurs when all team members meet at the same time such as with face to face meetings or conference calls |
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Term
| asynchronous communication |
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Definition
| occurs when team members do not meet at the same time |
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Term
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Definition
| systems that track changes to documents and provide features and functions to accommodate concurrent work |
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