adage

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(n.) a proverb, wise saying

One way to begin a speech is to quote an old adage.

Synonyms: aphorism, maxim, saw

عربي: قول مأثور، حكمة

bonanza

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(n.) A rich mass of ore in a mine; something very valuable, profitable, or rewarding; a source of wealth or prosperity; a very large amount; sudden profit or gain

The internet provides a bonanza of useful information.

 Synonyms: windfall

عربي: منجم ثراء، مصدر ثروة أو رخاء

churlish

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(adj.) lacking politeness or good manners; lacking sensitivity; difficult to work with or deal with; rude

Salesclerks should avoid churlish replies to customers' questions.

Synonyms: surly, ill-tempered

Antonyms: courteous, civil, well-mannered

عربي: فظ ، وقح ، صعب التعامل معه

citadel

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(n.) a fortress that overlooks and protects a city; any strong or commanding place

 OIS is a citadel of education.

 Synonyms: fort, stronghold

عربي: قلعة ، حصن ، معقل

collaborate

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(v.) to work with, work together 

Several students collaborate on a project.

Synonyms: team up, join forces

Antonyms: work alone

عربي: يتعاون ، يشترك

decree

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(n.) an order having the force of law;

(v.) to issue such an order; to command firmly or forcefully 

The king issued a decree making tomorrow a holiday.

The king decreed tomorrow a national holiday.

Synonyms: (n) proclamation, (v) proclaim

عربي: فرمان ، قرار ، حكم قضائي

discordant

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(adj.) disagreeable in sound, jarring; lacking in harmony, conflicting 

discordant tones coming from the poorly tuned instrument.

Synonyms: different, divergent

Antonyms: harmonious, in agreement 

عربي: متعارض ، متنافر ، مخالف

evolve

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(v.) to develop gradually; to rise to a higher level 

Her company has evolved from a hobby into a thriving business.

Synonyms: unfold, emerge

Antonyms: wither, atrophy 

عربي: يتطور

excerpt

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(n.) a passage taken from a book, article, etc.;

(v.) to take such a passage; to quote 

This article includes a long excerpt from a book.

If you excerpt some material from a book, enclose it in quotation marks.

Synonyms: portion, section, extract

عربي: يقتبس ، يقتطف ، مقتبس

grope

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(v.) to feel about hesitantly with the hands; to search blindly and uncertainly

When the power failed, we had to grope in the dark.

Synonyms: fumble for, cast about for

عربي: يتلمس ، يبحث عن طريقة 

hover

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(v.) to float or hang suspended over; to move back and forth uncertainly over or around

A hummingbird hovers near a  flower.

Synonyms: linger, waver

عربي: يحوم ، يرفرف ، يتأرجح

jostle

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(v.) to make or force one's way by pushing or elbowing; to bump, shove, brush against; to compete for

I tried not to jostle other riders as I exited the bus.

Synonyms: push

عربي: يتدافع ، يشق طريقه ، يتنافس

laggard

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(n.) a person who moves slowly or falls behind; (adj.) falling behind; slow to move, act, or respond

Tour guides urge the laggard to keep up with the group.

I hate being stuck behind laggard motorists.

Synonyms: (n) slowpoke, straggler; (adj) sluggish

Antonyms: (n) early bird; (adj) swift,speedy, prompt 

عربي: متقاعس ، بطئ

plaudits

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(n. pl.) applause; enthusiastic praise or approval

The winners accepted the plaudits of their fans.

Synonyms: cheers, acclaim

Antonyms: boos, disapproval, ridicule 

عربي: استحسان

 preclude

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(v.) to make impossible, prevent, shut out

His injury precluded any athletic carrer.

Synonyms: hinder, check, stop

Antonyms: help, promote, facilitate 

عربي: يمنع ، يستبعد

revert

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(v.) to return, go back

The boy reverted to his former bad behavior.

Synonyms: relapse, regress

Antonyms: progress, advance

عربي: يعود ، يرجع

rubble

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(n.) broken stone or bricks; ruins

Buldozers reduced the damaged building to a heap of rubble.

Synonyms: wrechage, debris

عربي: أنقاض

 servile

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(adj.) submissive; like a servant

He has a servile attitude around people with money.

Synonyms: slavish, fawning

Antonyms: masterly, overbearing

عربي: ذليل ، مستكين

vigil

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(n.) a watch, especially at night; any period of watchful attention

They kept vigil at their ailing son's bedside.

Synonyms: lookout, surveillance

عربي: يقظة ، سهر

wrangle

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(v.) to quarrel or argue in a noisy, angry way; to obtain by argument; to herd;

(n.) a noisy quarrel

They were wrangling over money.

They had a nasty wrangle over money.

Synonyms: squabble, bicker

Antonyms: agree, concur

عربي: تشاحن ، تجادل ، مشادة كلامية