Term
| What type of bacteria predominate in the GI? What are the two major occupiers? |
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Definition
99.9% are anerobes
Bacterioides and Clostridium make up the majority. |
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Term
| Describe the three ways enteric infections can occur. |
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Definition
Non-inflammatory: toxins change water and electrolyte balance in the upper small intestine = watery diarrhea
Inflammatory: destruction of colonic mucosa which produces dysentery
Penetrating: occurs through intact SI mucosa which can lead to RES or lymphatic infection = febrile systemic illness w/diarrhea (enteric fever). This is associated with Salmonella typhi |
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Term
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Definition
| Gastroenteritis is a series of symptoms consisting of n/v/d and abdominal discomfort. |
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Term
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Definition
| Enterocolitis is an inflammation of both the SI and colon. |
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Term
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Definition
Diarrhea is an increased frequency and "loose" or unformed stool.
One should be concerned about fluid and electrolyte loss. This is usually due to an enterotoxin production |
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Term
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Definition
Dysentery is an inflammatory disorder where there will be blood and pus and fever.
Mostly due to colonic invasive infections. |
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Term
You're going to hate this flashcard.
In terms of Non-inflammatory food poisoning describe:
1. Mechanism
2. Location
3. Illness
4. Stool exam
5. Microbe examples |
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Definition
Non-inflammatory
Mechanism: Enterotoxin, adherence/superficial invastion
Location: Proximal small intestine
Illness: Watery diarrhea
Stool exam: No fecal WBCs, mild or no lactoferrin
Microbes: S. aureus, Bacillus cereus, C.perfringens, ETEC, V. cholerae |
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Term
You're going to hate this flashcard.
In terms of Inflammatory food poisoning describe:
1. Mechanism
2. Location
3. Illness
4. Stool exam
5. Microbe examples |
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Definition
1. Invasion, cytotoxin
2. Colon
3. Dysentery
4. Fecal WBC, increased lactoferrin
5. S. enteritides, Shigella, C. jejuni, some E.coli, C. difficile, V. parahaemolyticus |
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Term
You're going to hate this flashcard.
In terms of Penetrating food poisoning describe:
1. Mechanism
2. Location
3. Illness
4. Stool exam
5. Microbe examples |
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Definition
1.If Matt Grier puts nothing here, neither do I
2. Distal SI
3. Enteric fever
4. Nothing really
5. Salmonella typhi |
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Term
| What do you use to test for fecal leukocytes? |
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Definition
Methylene blue dye
Note that this is only a qualitative test. |
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Term
| What is a quantitiative test for fecal leukocytes? |
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Definition
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Term
There is a pretty quick way to tell the general etiology of food poisoning based on the time of onset. What are causes of the following?
1-8 hours
8-18 hours
18-48 hours |
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Definition
1-8 hours = pre-formed toxin
8-18 hours = ingested bacteria produce toxin
18-48 hours = inflammation |
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Term
| Two major bugs which can cause vomiting |
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Definition
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Term
| Two major causes of watery diarrhea |
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Definition
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Term
You're watching House with (insert hot man or woman who is not in med school here) and they spout of lab results to determine the bug:
Gram (+), Cocci, Coag (+), Cat (+), Beta hemolytic
You impress your date by saying the bug is... |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the pathogenesis of the pre-formed exotoxin of Staph. aureus. |
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Definition
| It functions as a superantigen that non-specifically stimulates T-cells which consequently go apeshit. |
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Term
| Staph Aureus has 6 antigenic types of enterotoxin. Which is the strongest? |
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Definition
SE-A which is usually from a bacteriophage
It is heat stable and stimulate vomiting upon binding to neural receptors in UGI |
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Term
| Under what conditions does Clostridium botulinum become vegitative? |
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Definition
| Under reduce or no O2 and low acidity (pH > 4.6) |
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Term
| What is the major difference between the pathogensis of adult and infant botulism? |
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Definition
Adults ingest the pre-formed toxin from canned food.
Infants ingest the spores from honey and environmental dust. |
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Term
This toxin is heat labile, isolates A,B, and E cause disease, and it causes flaccid paralysis since it blocks the release of Ach.
Whats the toxin? |
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Definition
Botulism toxin.
Note that this is NOT an enterotoxin. |
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Term
| If your patient is suffering from botulism and is 8 months old, what would be the treatment? |
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Definition
Human-derived antitoxin (Baby BIG)
Equine-derived is for patients over 1 year old. |
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Term
| How does botulism cause death? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the morphology of C. botulinum? |
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Definition
| Anaerobic, Gram (+) rod, cat (-), spore forming |
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Term
| What is the morphology of Clostridium perfringens? |
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Definition
| Large rectangular, Gram (+) |
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Term
When does C. perfringens produce enterotoxin?
Which is the worst of its exotoxins? |
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Definition
C. perfringens produces entertoxin after someone ingests the vegitative cells.
Out of exotoxins A-E, A damages the brush boarders in the SI which increases permeability into the lumen leading to loss of fluid and proteins. |
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Term
Banquet, watery diarrhea, no vomiting
Whats the bug? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you treat wound botulism? |
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Definition
| IV Penicillin G because the infection would most likely be polymicrobial. |
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Term
| Large, gram (+), aerobic, Catalase (+), beta hemolytic |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the pathogenesis of the short incubation form of B. cereus. |
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Definition
Aka Emetic form
1-6 hours --> vomiting with NO diarrhea
Due to pre-formed heat-stable enterotoxin
ETE binds to 5-HT receptors on the vegas nerve and puts holes in the membrane.
FRIED RICE
Seen in re-heated rice since the food is not heated enough to degrade the toxin |
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Term
| Describe the pathogenesis of the Long Incubation form of B. cereus. |
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Definition
Diarrhea + abdominal pain.
10-12 hours (contrast to perfringens)
Heat-labile enterotoxin produced after ingestion
Increases cAMP which increases secretino |
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