Term
| Be able to describe how the changing of social value created a culture of safety around children |
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Definition
o As children have become more socially valuable, society has begun to work harder to protect them
o For example, increase child safety features around the house and on products, as well as more parental controls on things such as the internet and TV are prevalent |
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Term
| Be able to describe how the culture of safety impacts children’s lives |
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Definition
o This culture of safety restricts children’s freedom – parents feel as if they need to constantly watch and protect their kids, not giving them the freedom to play and explore as they wish
o Parents pressure one another into watching over more closely for fear that they will be judged by other parents |
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Term
| Be able to explain why Cohen compares playgrounds to panopticons |
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Definition
o A panopticon is a traditional prison structure and was used a surveillance arena for prison inmates
o This was a form of social control – being watched makes you follow the rules
o This structure now mirrors playgrounds with benches around them for parents to sit and watch their children play to monitor their safety and every move
o Children are cognizant of their parents always watching and probably act differently than if they weren’t there |
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Term
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Definition
| A set of evidence-based propositions that explain/predict some observed phenomenon |
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Term
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Definition
| A set of evidence-based propositions that explain/predict some aspect of the social world |
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Term
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Definition
| One’s surroundings completely predict how they will react (socialization) |
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Term
| Traditional Theory of Childhood |
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Definition
View childhood as a time of development and view children as passive agents
• Focused on the future
• Views children as projects and their outcomes are predetermined by what you’re born into
Socialization - Children are socialized in a deterministic society |
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Term
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Definition
New – View childhood as a time of discovery and children as active agents
• Focused on the present
• Children are functioning beings and have an influence on the world
Children learn through construction (interpretive reproduction) of their surroundings |
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Term
| Functionalist Model of socialization |
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Definition
Institutions socialize children to prevent disruptions in the smooth operation of society
We need to train children so that they do not become a threat to society
People have roles to play in society and must be properly trained to play them |
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Term
| Reproductive Model of socialization |
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Definition
Powerful groups socialize children in order to maintain existing systems of inequality
Socialization happens, not because society needs it, but to reinforce existing inequalities – group that has power have an interest in keeping things the same |
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Term
| Interpretive reproduction |
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Definition
Children’s process of creatively using information from the adult world to address their own concerns
Interpretive – Children try to make sense of the world so that they can participate in it
Reproduction – Children’s creativity is constrained by existing social structures |
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Term
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Definition
| “a stable set of activities or routines, artifacts, values, and concerns that children produce and share in interaction with peers” |
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Term
| Be able to describe interpretive reproduction’s three steps |
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Definition
o Appropriation - Children experience and interpret information from the adult world
o Participation - Children use their interpretations to try to participate in the world
o Reproduction (and change) - Children’s participation perpetuates but also changes the adult world |
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Term
| Be able to describe how children produce their peer cultures |
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Definition
o Children don’t produce their own peer cultures from scratch
o Instead, they use existing cultural symbols
Symbolic culture - TV characters, lines from movies, fairy tales, ideologies (gender roles), language, literature
Material culture - Toys (action figures), sports equipment, blankets and pillows, Happy Meal Toys |
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Term
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Definition
| “an ‘adult in the marking’ lacking competencies of the adult that he or she will become” |
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Term
| Be able to describe the process by which children become adults |
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Definition
o Part biological (child development) - the biological, physiological, and emotional changes children undergo as they progress from dependence to autonomy
o Part social (socialization) - “the process by which children adapt to and internalize society” |
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Term
| Describe how children participate in the adult world of work and commerce |
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Definition
o Zelizer: kids are active participants in the adult world of production, consumption, & distribution
Understand from an early age that more money is better
Expecting financial reward for good behavior
Kids are savvy negotiators |
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Term
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Definition
The particular goods, experiences, knowledge, and personal facts that are valuable in a given peer culture
Participation = Being able to determine what’s worth talking about and join the conversation |
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Term
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Definition
| Efforts to present yourself as honorable and worthy of inclusion |
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Term
| Be able to explain why belonging is harder for some kids than it is for others |
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Definition
| o Some kids’ families do not have the money to purchase items for children in order for them to belong |
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Term
| Be able to describe how kids try to overcome struggles to belong |
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Definition
| Employing facework strategies |
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