Term
| Name the two pathogenic genera of retrovirdae. |
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Definition
| Deltaretroviruses (HTLV) and Lentiviruses (HIV) |
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Term
| Retrovirdae viruses are diploid (+)ssRNA. What two components does it need to be infective? |
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Definition
| Reverse Transcriptase (RT) and Integrase (IN) |
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Term
| Give the genera AND specific name of the retrovirus which causes Adult T-cell leukemia and HAM/TSP. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is HTLV-2 ASSOCIATED with? |
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Definition
| Hairy T-cell leukemia. The cause is unknown. |
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Term
| This protein is responsible for fusion with host cells. |
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Definition
| Transmembrane spike proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| Links the envelope to the capsid. It also disintegrates and plays various roles in viral replication. |
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Term
| Hard shell of the virus made up of p24 (protein). |
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Definition
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Term
| What initiates viral fusion into host cell membranes? |
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Definition
| Transmembrane spike proteins connect with receptors on the host cell to induce fusion. |
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Term
| What acts on the ssRNA to make a DNA strand in the cytoplasm of the host cell after the virus fuses with the host cell? |
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Definition
Reverse Transcriptase.
Recall that the drug which inhibits this enzyme is Foscarnet. It causes Nephro/Neurotoxicity and Hypocalcemia. |
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Term
| The three domains of the 'simple' retrovirus are... |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the envelope proteins of retroviruses translated? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the LTR's do on the retrovirus genome? |
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Definition
| LTR's act as promoters or enhancers. |
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Term
| This virus strain is implicated in disease which affect the lung, joints, eyes, and skin. |
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Definition
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Term
| How is HTLV-1 transmitted? |
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Definition
| BREASTFEEDING, blood, sex |
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Term
| PBS shows indented or lobulated nuclei on CD4/CD5 cells. It almost looks like a flower. What is the disease and virus that caused it? |
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Definition
| ATLL (Adult T-cell Leukemia) caused by HTLV-1 |
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Term
| What is the significance of TAX proteins? |
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Definition
| When there is an immune response, TAX is expressed which amplifies T-cell replication. Over time MUTATIONS in the cell line T-cell replication becomes TAX independent which leads to T-cell Leukemia. |
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Term
| CD4, CD25, "Flower cells" |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you confirm HTLV infection? |
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Definition
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Term
| What phase of the HIV infection presents like mononucleosis and a drop in CD4 count? |
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Definition
| Primary infection. The first phase which lasts about 3-4 months. |
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Term
| What clade and group of HIV will you see in North America and Europe? |
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Definition
Clade B Group M.
I have no idea what this means. |
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Term
| This is a mostly asymptompatic phase of HIV infection. The CD4 count will continue to drop. |
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Definition
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Term
| This virus's genome has CA (p24), Env Precursor (gp160), SU (gp120), and TM (gp41) |
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Definition
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Term
| You have an HIV patient with a secondary infection. His viral load is 64,000. What will be the rate of his progression? |
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Definition
Fast progression to AIDS.
12,000 or below indicates a slow progression.
60,000 and above is a fast progression. |
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Term
| What protein on HIV binds with CD4? |
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Definition
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Term
| After HIV-1 binds the CD4 cell with gp120, the gp120 is pulled apart by CCR5. What happens next? |
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Definition
| When CCR5 pulls apart gp120, which exposes gp41 which harpoons the cell membrane which initiates fusion. |
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Term
| This HIV tropism is responsible for virus transmission. |
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Definition
| Macrophage tropic (m-tropic/r5) |
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Term
| This HIV tropism is responsible for AIDS. |
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Definition
| T lymphocyte tropism. T tropic or X4 tropic. |
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Term
| What are the three drug targets for HIV-1 based on host entry? |
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Definition
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Term
| Match the following genome segments with their end proteins: gag, pol, env; envelope spike proteins, enzymes, structure proteins. |
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Definition
| gag = structure proteins, pol = enzymes, env = envelope spike proteins. |
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Term
| What bands would you see in a western blot test that is positive for HIV-1? What is the first band you expect to see? |
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Definition
| You will see at least TWO of the following: p24, gp41, gp120, gp160. p24 is the first and strongest. |
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