Term
| Isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethamobutol, Streptomycin |
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Definition
| First line drugs. Isoniazid is the major drug. Strep is not really used much. RIPES |
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Term
| Amikacin, Ethionamide, Capreomycin, Cycloserine, Para-aminosalicylic acid, Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Rifapentin, rifabutin |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the major toxicity of most tuberculosis drugs? |
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Definition
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Term
| These drugs are initially used to treat most patients with TB |
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Definition
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Term
| When do you use second line drugs? |
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Definition
| If patients have MDR (multidrug resistance) |
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Term
| Patient has a positive PPD but does not have symptoms of active disease. |
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Definition
| Latent TB. Treatment is Isoniazid or rifampin for 9 months. Not necessary unless you are newly infected, HIV+ or immunodeficient. |
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Term
| Combo therapy for the first two months of active TB. |
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Definition
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Term
| After 2 months of RIPE, if the AFB smear is negative... |
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Definition
| isonaiazid and rifampin are given for the next 4 months. |
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Term
| If AFB smear after 2 months is positive... |
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Definition
| Continuous phase is extended to 7 months. This involves Isoniazid and rifampin |
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Term
| When would you use corticosteroids concurrently with antimycobials? |
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Definition
| In tubercular meningitis/pericarditis. It increases access of antitubercular durgs. |
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Term
| What is the significance of DOT? |
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Definition
| Directly Observed Therapy leads to higher compliance of drugs which helps curb the emergence of MDR-TB |
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Term
| A bactericidal drug that has a narrow spectrum. It inactivates enzymes that synthesize mycolic acid. |
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Definition
| Isoniazid. KatG gene encodes catalase-peroxidase which actually activates Isoniazid. This form inhibits enoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) and beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase. |
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Term
| This drug is NOT effective against M. avium-intracellulare or M. leprae |
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Definition
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Term
| This drug is acetylated which is then convereted to isonicotinic acid and acetylhydrazine, which is hepatotoxic. |
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Definition
| Isoniazid. This is important if you are fast acetylator because it will make more of the hepatotoxic agent faster. BUT if you are a slow acetelyor, you could have neurotoxicity (peripheral neuropathy) |
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Term
| The primary way to develop a resistance to Isoniazid is... |
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Definition
| Mutation to KatG gene which results in the loss of the catalase-peroxidase enzyme. You could also have an overexpression of InhA which is another way you could gain resistance. |
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Term
| This is a broad spectrum antibiotic which inhibits the transcription of a cell by binding to the beta subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. |
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Definition
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Term
| This drug can treat TB, Leporsy, and Staph. endocarditis. Note most of these are in combo therapy. |
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Definition
| Rifampin. Staph endocarditis is treated WITH vanco and gentamicin. |
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Term
| This drug is an alternative to INH in latent TB |
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Definition
| Rifampin. You can also use it to prevent Neisseria meningitidis and Hib |
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Term
| Your patient is reacting really badly to a drug you are giving her. She has chills, fever, fatigue, headache, hepatitis, purpura, and oddly reddish-orange in her urine. This discovery also made her cry orange tears. What drug caused this? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a fact about Rifampin that has been drilled into you since first semester? |
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Definition
| Induces microsomal enzymes in the liver. Be careful of patients who are on the pill, anti-epileptic drugs, Proteat inhibitors and NNRTIs (HIV drugs), Digoxin, Warfarin and sulfonylureas et al. |
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Term
| This drug is used to treat M. avium-intracellulare. |
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Definition
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Term
| This drug is a nicotinamide derivative and bactericidal. It is active at an acidic pH and is taken up by macrophages that have TB in it. |
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Definition
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Term
| Optic neuritis is an adverse effect of |
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Definition
| Ethambutol. INH can also cause this to a degree. |
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Term
| The total antitubercular therapy regimen varies depending on the site of infection. What is the duration of treatment if you have pulmonary TB? |
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Definition
| 6 months if the AFB smear is negative at 2 months. 9 months if the AFB smear is positive at 2 months. |
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Term
| The total antitubercular therapy regimen varies depending on the site of infection. What would be the duration of treatment for cervical adenitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| The total antitubercular therapy regimen varies depending on the site of infection. What would be the duration of treatment for Tubercular Meningitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| The adverse effects of this drug are Hepatitis, Peripheral Neuropathy, Toxic encephalopathy, seizures, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. |
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Definition
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Term
| Rifampin can be used to treat... |
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Definition
| TB, Leprosy, and Staph. Endocarditis, where you must use vanco and gentamicin in conjunction |
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Term
| What drug can be used if you suspect an INH resistance and you want to treat latent TB. |
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Definition
| Rifampin. Note that it can also treat meningitis (N.meningitidis) and Hib |
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Term
| What is the mechanism for Rifampin resistance? How can one avoid this? |
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Definition
| Decreased resistance to RNA polymerase. This is why you should use combination therapy. |
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Term
| This is a Rifamycin analog that is known for its long half life. BUT it can cause rashes, myelosuppression, and discolored secretions. |
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Definition
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