Term
| Definition of Social Psych |
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Definition
| The systematic study of the nature and causes of human behavior |
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Term
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Definition
Logical
Causal
General
Testable |
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Term
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Definition
| The person is more of an extraneous variable while the situation is the independent variable |
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Term
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Definition
| The experimenter varies some quality of the original situation in order to resolve ambiguities or to add new info about the variables controlling the subjects' behavior |
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Term
| Advantages of Experiments |
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Definition
The experimenter has a better chance at specifically observing elements of the experiment (IV) by controlling the conditions
- Shows causality
Can exert control over extraneous variable |
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Term
| Disadvantages of Experiments |
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Definition
Difficult and tedious to design
Elaborate preparations were needed
Not really measuring the real world because its a set up environment
Difficult to reproduce the conditions |
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Term
| 3 basic principles of experimental ethics |
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Definition
1. Respect for the autonomy of the people involved (they have the choice to be there and act how they choose)
2. Beneficience- The experiment should maximize benefit while minimizing or eliminating harm done to the subject
3. Justice: Benefits and costs of research are fairly distribution |
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Term
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Definition
Created an experiment with college students where people would listen to groups of 2, 3, or 6 people talk about college life
- It was actually a recording
- One person in the group sounded like they were having a seizure
- Testing to see whether the group size had an effect on how fast and how much help the subject provided
- Founded the smaller the group, the quicker and more likely to help |
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Term
| Who created the looking glass self? |
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Definition
Charles Horton Cooley
- the gestures of others serve as mirrors in which people see and evaluate themselves, just as they see and evaluate other objects in their environment |
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Term
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Definition
The I is the impulsive unpredictable part of us that we control- keeps world spontaneous and change possible
The Me is the objective side of us that is predictable- keeps society balanced |
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Term
| 2 basic assumptions of George Mead |
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Definition
The biological frailty of humans force cooperation to survive
2. The actions within and among humans that facilitate cooperation will be retained |
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Term
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Definition
1. Mind- Recognized capacity to use symbols and designate objects, rehearse alternative lines of action, and inhibit inappropriate responses
2. Self- Matures in the 3 stages
3. Society- Without the capacities of mind to take roles and imaginatively rehearse, individuals couldn't coordinate actions |
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Term
| Basic contributions of William James |
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Definition
First social scientist to develop a clear concept of self
- Recognized humans have the capacity to view themselves as objects and develop self-feelings and attitudes toward themselves
- Developed "material" self, "social" self, and "spiritual" self
- Recognized people's feelings of themselves arise out of interactions with others |
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Term
| 2 significant breakthroughs of Charles Horton Cooley |
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Definition
1. Refined the concept of self- the process by which individuals see themselves as objects, along with other objects, in that social environment
2. He recognized that self emerges out of communication with others- we interpret gestures to see ourselves from other viewpoints |
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Term
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Definition
Pragmatism
- Stressed the important of human adjustment to the world
- Unique human characteristics arise out of the process of adjusting to their life conditions
- The mind is a process, not an entity |
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Term
| Symbolic interactions (3 points) |
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Definition
- Elaborates the consequences of subjectivity- how we view the symbols around us
1. People act toward things based on the meaning these things have for them
2. Meanings are derived from social interaction
3. These meanings are subjectively interpreted |
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Term
| Situational symbolic interactionism |
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Definition
We have no core self
- Who we are changes in interaction
- Interaction is frequently unpredictable
- Society is delicate- change is constantly possible |
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Term
| Structural symbolic interactionism |
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Definition
People have a core self
- A set of stable meanings toward themselves
- Interaction is patterned and predictable |
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Term
| Jones and Harris finding on correspondence bias |
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Definition
Participants were given either pro or anti Castro essays and asked to choose what attitudes the people had
- They knew which topic the people were assigned and still made dispositional attributions |
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Term
| Positive and negative aspects of motivated reasoning |
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Definition
Positive
- Protects our self-esteem, reduces unhappiness and depression
- Protects us from fear or anxiety
- Motivates people to achieve
Negative
- Refuse to take responsibility, less happy if we blame others
- Group functions poorly |
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Term
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Definition
People assume that they see the world objectively (the way it is)
- Underestimate their own bias and overestimate everyone else's |
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Term
| How does naive realism lead to conflict? |
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Definition
People tend to judge their own groups more favorably
- Tend to view others' beliefs as more extremist than they really are
- Focus on groups differences as opposed to their similarities |
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Term
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Definition
| Attribute our own situations to situational factors and others to dispositional |
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Term
| Festinger and Carlsmith Experiment |
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Definition
- Cognitive Dissonance
- College students were given a boring task
- Paid to tell others about how exciting it was, some given $1, some $20
- Observed how people rated their experiment, the $1 people experienced more dissonance |
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Term
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Definition
Emphasizes the desire for consistency in our attitudes
3 basic elements are the person, the other and the object |
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Term
| 3 ways to balance the cognitive system |
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Definition
Person changes attitude toward the object
Person changes attitude toward the other
Person changes the attitude of the other toward the object |
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Term
| 3 ways to reduce cognitive dissonance |
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Definition
1. Disregard: ignore the thoughts
2. Change: You opinion about one thought or belief
3. Distort: Try to change the meaning of one |
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