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Details Title: S/S/A Description: S/S/A Exam #2 Total Flash Cards: 32 Created: 11/12/2007 00:20:11	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term charles darwin Definition developed natural selection with wallace studied fossils discovered extinction and evolution like the idea of survival of the fittest Term linnaeus Definition thought you could separate everything into 2 kingdoms Term linnaeus breakdowns of kingdoms and assumptions Definition kingdom phyla class order families genus species every single life form can be categorized categories are NONCHANGING humans were put into "animal" kingdom Term natural selection Definition you could select the desired traits that could evolve to something that is seen as preferrable Term alfred russell wallace Definition developed natural selection with darwin Term darwins premises of natural selection Definition theres variation within living pop #'s variation can be inherited from parents organisms tend to overproduce theres a struggle for survival only the fittest survive over time there will be an accumulation of favorable traits that will lead to a new species Term thomas malthus Definition idea of survival of the fittest believed that pop. increase our resources dont ..etc only intellectual ppl should be allowed to survive sterlization of poor and insane Term species Definition SCIENTIFIC ARGUMENT about behavior and reproductive capacity large group of organisms that have similarities must be able to reproduce DEF: A NATURALLY INTERBREEDING POPULAATIOIN CAPABLE OF PRODUCING VIABLE OFFSPRING species CAN change over time Term differential mortality Definition ppl are dying at dif rates bc too much pop,too little resources, threfore theres a struggle for survival Term how natural selection works Definition differential mortality and fertility Term differential fertility Definition individuals who dont have necessary allele Term gene pool Definition total # of genes shared by reproductive members of a poplation Term evolution Definition change in frequency of alleles in pop over time (can occur within 1 generation) Term imp concepts of natural selection Definition n.s. is capable of changing over time ns works upon phenotypes of individuals, which in turn affects the proportion of alleles within the gene pool ns cant introduce new alleles into a pop, it can only remove alleles Term natural selection gene flow mutation Definition happen independently of eachother Term gene flow Definition chnges in frewquency of alleles over time within a pop(ev olution) due to migratio or due to exchanges of alleles between populations HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH NATURAL SELECTION Term human universals Definition complex language williams syndrome motherese sexual jealousy facial expressions Term frame shift mutation Definition insertion/deletion of nucleotide from that point on Term chromosomal mutation Definition change in # & configuration of chromosomes Term mutation does: Definition affects phenotype passed to offspring becomes more numerous due to gene drift Term gene mutation Definition change in configuration of gene Term polymorphism Definition at least 1% of pop start as individual, but through gene drift and natural selection this spreads to over 1% of pop Term gene drift Definition random changes in the frequency of alleles over time within a population due to CHANCE(happens more in small pop and profound change happens) (cant introduce new alleles, only take out) Term proximate causation Definition immediate cause of something doing/looking for something that trigger part behavior/response (ex. why birds migrate) Term reductionist argument Definition reduced to such ridiculous implicity that its treated as ineffectual Term ultimate causation Definition (takes evolutionary perspective in answering a question) why behavior evolved and its functional significance Term sociobiologists created Definition interaction principle (see graph) Term interaction principle Definition nature and nurture plays a role Term darwinian fitness Definition measured by reproduction of viable offspring by individuals in pop acting on individual selects for "advantageous" phenotype measured by individuals reproductive success Term gradualism Definition through ns, changes take place gradually ovevr time BUT its not the only way change takes place...it can take place quickly thorugh punctuated equilibrium (the pace and pattern that evolutoinary change might take) Term inclusive fitness Definition (kin selection) many behaviors denying explanation behaviors that are harmful for individuals, but better for group relies upon selectipon of families rather than individuals notion of selfish genes (sacrificing urself is selfish cuz ur saving others juss like u) (this is against darwin's ns) Term r value Definition probability that a gene in 1 individual will occur in another mom-> .5-> 50% grandparent-> 25% sister -> 50% (specific allele is all or nothing so allele is guestimated at 50%)