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| the Hebrew Bible containing three sections: Torah, Prophets, and Writings. |
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| the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, also called the Five Books of Moses, and the Pentateuch. It can also mean any sacred study. |
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| the Written Torah, found in the Bible, and the Oral Torah, given also to Moses at Mount Sinai, and then handed from Moses to the elders, from the elders to the sages, and from the sages to the rabbis; finally reduced to writing by the rabbis in the books of the Mishnah, the Talmud and other writings of the rabbis. |
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| law codes compiled by Rabbi Judah the Patriarch in 200 CE |
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| rabbinic commentary on the Mishnah; Palestinian Talmud compiled around 400 CE, and the Babylonian Talmud, which is more authoritative, compiled around 600 CE. |
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| interpretation, exploration or investigation of the sacred texts by the rabbis in narrative form, which offer insights into those texts; generally interpretation offered on a text. |
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| first born son of Adam and Eve; a farmer. Cain slew Abel and was punished by God. |
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| second son of Adam and Eve; a shepherd, whose sacrifice was pleasing to God because he brought the "choicest" of his flock to God |
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| the righteous man who, with his family, was saved by God from the Flood; received, as a representative of all living things, the first covenant that God made with humankind, to never wipe out the world again. |
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| the sign of the covenant that God made with Noah. |
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| A prophet, first Patriarch of the Jewish people, husband of Sarah, father of Ishmael and Isaac. |
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| first Matriarch of the Jewish people, wife of Abraham, mother of Isaac, also considered to be a prophet of the Jewish people. |
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| servant of Sarah, concubine of Abraham and mother of Ishmael. |
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| son of Hagar and Abraham; God promised to make of him a great nation. |
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| second Patriarch, son of Abraham and Sarah, husband of Rebekah, father of Esau and Jacob. |
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| nephew of Abraham; settled in Sodom and Gomorrah, saved from the city before its destruction. |
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| the "binding" of Isaac, test of Abraham, where God asked Abraham to sacrifice Isaac to demonstrate Abraham's loyalty to God. |
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| the bilateral agreement between God and Abraham and all of his descendants, that if they followed God's laws, God would be with them. In addition, God promised to make them numerous and to give them the land of Canaan. The sign of this covenant is circumcision of all male children on the 8th day after birth. |
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| the ancient land bordered by the Mediterranean Sea on the west, the Jordan River on the east, said to be promised to Abraham and his descendants by God. |
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| the Hebrew term for the circumcision of male children on the 8th day. "Brit" means covenant, and "milah" means circumcision. |
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| revelation of God to humans |
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| the biblical location where God gave the Ten Commandments to Moses and the Israelites |
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| another term for the Ten Commandments |
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| "YHWH" - the four letters which signify the designation for God in the Hebrew Bible, sometimes transated as "Yahweh", or "Jehovah." |
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| the theory, based upon literary analysis, that the Torah contains four distinct literary traditions which together constitute the first five books of the Hebrew Bible. |
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| the burial site purchased by Abraham for Sarah, near Hebron, where both are said to be buried; also said to be the resting place for Isaac, Rebekah, Jacob and Leah, sacred to both Jews and Muslims. |
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| the greatest of all prophets in Jewish tradition, called upon by God to challenge Pharaoh and deliver the Israelites from slavery in Egypt to freedom in the land of Canaan |
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| Moses' older brother who assisted him in leading the Israelites out of bondage; first High Priest of Judaism; Aaron's descendants formed the priesthood which presided over Temple worship (sacrifice) until the destruction of the Second Temple, 70 CE. |
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| Moses' older sister, who watched over him until Pharaoh's daughter plucked him from the Nile; led the Israelite women in dance as they crossed the Red Sea, and considered a prophet of Israel. |
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| the Hebrew midwives who defied Pharaoh's order to kill all male children born to Hebrew mothers; honored in Jewish tradition for their courage and dedication to God. |
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| third Patriarch; son of Isaac and Rebekah; twin brother of Esau; husband of Rachel and Leah. |
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