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Moss/Rowlands Chapter 19
Bacteria and Viruses
27
Biology
10th Grade
08/28/2014

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Term
Prokaryotes
Definition
Unicellular organism lacking a nucleus.
Term
Bacilli
Definition
Rod shaped prokaryotes.
Term
Bacilli
Definition
Spherical prokaryotes.
Term
Spirilla
Definition
Spiral and corkscrew-shaped prokaryotes.
Term
Chemoheterotrophs
Definition
Organism that must take in organic molecules for both energy and carbon.
Term
Photoheterotroph
Definition
Organism that is phosynthetic but needs organic compounds as carbon source
Term
Photautotrophs
Definition
Organism that is photosynthetic but needs organic compounds as a carbon source.
Term
Chemoautotrophs
Definition
Organism that makes organic carbon molecules from carbon dioxide using energy from chemical reactions.
Term
Obligate Aerobes
Definition
Require a constant supply of oxygen to survive.
Term
Obligate Anaerobes
Definition
Organism that requires a constant supply of oxygen in order to live.
Term
Facultative Anaerobes
Definition
Organism that can survive with or without oxygen.
Term
Binary Fission
Definition
Type of asexual reproduction in which an organism replicates its DNA and divides in half, producing two identical daughter cells .
Term
Conjugation
Definition
Form of sexual reproduction in which paramecia and some prokaryotes exchange genetic information.
Term
Endospore
Definition
type of sper formed when a bacterium produces a thick internal wall that encloses its DNA and a portion of its cytoplasm.
Term
nitrogen Fixation
Definition
Process of converting nitrogen gas into ammonia.
Term
Viruses
Definition
Particle made up of nucleic acid, protein, and in some cases lipids that can replicate only by infecting living cells.
Term
Capsid
Definition
Outer protein coat of a virus.
Term
Bacteriophages
Definition
Virus that infects bacteria.
Term
Lytic Infection
Definition
Process in which a virus enters a cell, makes a copy of itself, and causes the cell to burst.
Term
Lysogenic Infections
Definition
process by which a virus embeds its DNA into the DNA of the host cell and is replicated along with the host cell's DNA
Term
Prophage
Definition
The viral DNA that is embedded in the host cell's DNA.
Term
Retroviruses
Definition
Virus that contains RNA as its genetic information.
Term
Pathogens
Definition
Disease causing agents.
Term
Vaccine
Definition
A preparation of weakened of killed pathogens.
Term
Antibiotics
Definition
Compound that blocks the growth and reproduction of bacteria.
Term
Viroids
Definition
Single-stranded RNA molecule that has no surrounding capsids.
Term
Prions
Definition
Infectious particle made up of protein rather than RNA or DNA.
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