an absolute or pure monotheism

the fastest growing religion in the world

sacred text in Islam

word itself means recitation

meant to be heard

supposed to be written in Arabic 

How many prophets are there in Islam?

Who are the 5 most important?

Who was the first prophet?

124,000

Noah, Abraham, Jesus, Muhammad

Adam 

Muhammad and his followers move from Mecca to Yathrib

migration  

Year 622 becomes 0

C.E. Becomes A.H. (ano hejirah) 

Sympathetic view: people of mecca had already been exposed to islam so  they were all ready to convert together

realistic view: muhammad said that he would give amnesty to all who converted 

a chapter in the qur'an

there are 114 surahs that are arranged from longest to shortest 

1. Shahada (muslim creed/profession of faith)

2. Salat (prayer that must be done 5x per day)

3. Sawn Ramadan (month of fasting when the sun is up)

4. Zakat (alms or charity given to less fortunate)

5. Hajj (pilgramage to mecca... go to particular spot called Ka'bah) 

a square stone building that was a shrine during the pre-islamic times

there is a ka'bah stone that is probably a meteorite 

pilgrammage to mecca

month of hajj is last month of the year

 pilgrammage lasts about 2 weeks

should go once a year

about 2 million people do 

frenchman who came up with "pascals wager"

might as well believe in god... just in case he is real because you don't lose anything 

one of the greatest sins in islam

it means associating

its putting anything other than god on god's level 

messengers of god

genderless

demonds are fallen angels that serve Iblis

Iblis is a djinn that would not serve god

a djinn is a make form of a genie 

Muhammad's best friend and successor

the first caliph 

2nd caliph

ruled for 10 years

"commander of the faithful"

ruler after Umar

ruled for 12 years 

Muhammad's son in law

wanted to be a caliph

given power after uthman was killed 

those that followed Muhammad's son in law  Ali ibn Abi Talib

known as "descentors"

formed radical group "first martyrs of islam"

opposed to Caliphs, they believed all muslims were equal and therefore no one should represent another person

Sunnis

85% 

divine law given by god

comes from 2 places: qua'ran and sunnah 

comes from the word traditional

began as oral traditions which begins with the prophet muhammad 

the book that the oral traditions ended up being written down in

there are several different hadiths 

created to convert non muslims into islam

used greek philosophy

talk about god's absolute "oneness" instead of the trinity

 reject predestination

qua'ran is symbolic; not literal

main form of mysticism in islam

word comes from word for sheeps wool because early practicioners wore wool over their skin

1% sufis in islam

Ali Ghazzali=1st sufi to try and unite sufis with other sunnis

was a sufi

wrote a book called Mathnawi (corrupt)

wrote about longing of human soul to connect with god

type of music involved in sufism

Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan was most famous singer

devotional music with themes for longing for god 

founded by Muhammed ibn abd al-wahhab

islam=corrupt after muhammads death

go back to basics of islam

belived ottoman empire (lgst.)=guilty of shirk

reject sufism

encourage monotheism

believed in literal translation

should live by shari'ah

want everyone to be equal

follower=muhammad al-sa'ud- descendants control saudi arabia... this becomes official religion

written by a georgian slave, bilali mohamet, when died they found a 13 page document written in arabic

originally named Elijah Poole

founded the nation of islam

believed all blacs were muslim by nature

whites= devils blacks=angels

follower=malcom x

got ideas from Wallace Fard (he believed was an angel)

died and gave to Warith Dean Mohammad 

what Elijah Mohammad's son, Warith Mohammad renames the Nation of Islam

process of pushing away all temptations and going back to the basics of islam

learn to resist temptation of the western world

jihad means a struggle for faith 

struggle for faith outside of one's self

physically defending faith 

1. no surprise attacks

2. no destruction of private property

3. no harm to non-combatants

4. battle fought equally (sword on sword, etc) 

gets ideology from Sayyid Gutb

starts The Muslim Brotherhood

Sayyid's brother=Mohammad Qutb

Osama forms group Al'Kaida (means "base")

1st ruler of the republic of turkey

wanted to secularize the country

makes turkish national language

allows women to vote