Term
| What is the most important etiologic agent of severe diarrheal illness of infants and young children worldwide? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the characteristics of the Rotavirus? |
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Definition
Reoviridae
Non-enveloped
Particles of 2-3 concentric icosahedral capsids
Segmented, double-stranded RNA genome |
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Term
| What is unusual about the Rotavirus genome? |
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Definition
| Segemented, double-stranded RNA |
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Term
| How many different serotypes of Rotavirus cause most of the disease in humans? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Replication scheme for Reoviruses? |
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Definition
| Virus enters by Endocytosis-> Capsid proteolytically processed-> Transcription of mRNAs-> capped mRNAs assembled into "assortment complexes"-> reovirus particles assembled in cytoplasm-> cell lysis to release virus |
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Term
| What part of the reovirus genome is transcribed? |
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Definition
| only the + strand mRNA are made |
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Term
| When does the reovirus make its double stranded RNA genome segments? |
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Definition
| Capped (+) strand RNAs (Assortment Segments) serve as templates for syntheis of the complementary (-) strands |
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Term
| What is the characteristics of the Noroviruses? |
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Definition
Caliciviridae
Nonenveloped, non-segmented, (+) strand RNA virus |
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Term
| What is the major cause of epidemic acute gastroenteritis in older children and adults? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are rota- and noroviruses transmitted? |
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Definition
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Term
| What Enterovirus is ofter linked to a single source? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the clinical symptoms for both rota- and norovirus infections? |
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Definition
nausea/vomiting
watery diarrhea
fever
dehydration |
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Term
| Where do rota- and noroviruses initially infect? |
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Definition
| villus epithelium of small intestine |
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Term
| What is the incubation period for rotavirus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the incubation period for noroviruses? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does virus replication effect the small and large intestine? |
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Definition
cell lysis causes loss of microvilli lining small and large intestines
Results it:
decrease water absorption and electrolyte absorption |
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Term
| How are the rota- and noraviruses not like V. cholera mechanism? |
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Definition
| Glucose-coupled sodium transport is impaired, but adenylate cyclase and cyclic AMP are not stimulated |
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Term
| What is the source of enterotoxin-like properties of Rotavirus? |
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Definition
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Term
| When are antibodies aquired to the rotaviruses? |
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Definition
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Term
| When are antibodies aquired to noroviruses? |
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Definition
| gradually in childhood and increase steadily over a person's lifetime |
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Term
| What vaccines are availible for rotavirus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What serotypes are covered by the RotaTeq vaccine? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of vaccine is RotaTeq? |
|
Definition
| Pentavalent bovine-human reassortant viruses |
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Term
| What are the characteristics for the Enteroviruses? |
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Definition
Picornaviridae
Small, Nonenveloped, (+) stranded RNA viruses |
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Term
| What are the 4 major groups of Enteroviruses? |
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Definition
Poliovirus
Coxsackievirus
Echovirus
Enterovirus |
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Term
| How are Enteroviruses differentiated from rhinoviruses? |
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Definition
Acid Stability
Replication at 37C |
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Term
| What species are reservoir for Enteroviruses? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are Enteroviruses spread? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the incubation time for enteroviruses? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do enteroviruses initially replicate? |
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Definition
| lymphoid tissue of the upper respiratory tract and gut |
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Term
| Where can enteroviruses be isolated? |
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Definition
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Term
| What organs can be infected by enteroviruses after virema has developed? |
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Definition
Spinal cord, brain, meninges
myocardium
skin |
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Term
| T/F Asymptomatic infections are common with enteroviruses/ |
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Definition
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Term
| What do most of the sypmtoms of enteroviruses result from? |
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Definition
| direct virus-mediated cell damge and tissue necrosis |
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Term
| What type of Enteroviruses cause Meningitis? |
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Definition
Poliovirus
Almost all Coxsackie viruses
Many Echoviruses |
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Term
| What are the symptoms of Meningitis caused by an enterovirus? |
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Definition
| Fever, malaise, headache, nausea, abdominal pain |
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Term
| What Enterovirus syndrome is characterized by abrupt onset of fever and chest or abdominal pain? |
|
Definition
Pleurodynia
(Coxsackie B) |
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Term
| What enterovirus most likely causes Pleurodynia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What group of coxsackieviruses cause myocarditis, pleurodynia, and myalgia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What group of Coxsackieviruses cause diseases with vesicular lesions? |
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Definition
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Term
| What enterovirus causes ulcerative lesions of tonsils and uvula, and vexicular lesions on hands and feet? |
|
Definition
Coxsackievirus A16
(Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease) |
|
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Term
| Why are there no vaccines for enteroviruses? |
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Definition
| many infections asymptomatic and complete recover for most |
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