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Rome
Monuments
24
Art History
Undergraduate 3
02/28/2011

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Planned as early as 54 BC, completed under Augustus, major renovation under Trajan; rectangular 160x75 m.; entrance through the curia; double colonnade on sides; Temple of Venus Genetrix (vowed in 48 BC); equestrian statue of J.C.
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Generally the same plan as Forum of Julius Caesar; dedicated in 2 BC; rectangular with a pair of exedra 125x118 m.; entrance through Caeser’s Fourm, colonnades on 2 sides; Temple of Mars Ultor (vowed in 42 BC); complex decoractive scheme – statues of Aeneas, kings of Alba Hills, Romulus, divinities, Augustus and imperial family and court (tradition and future)
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Porticus constructed 146-131 BC by Q Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus; temple of Jupiter and Juno Regina within; reconstructed by Augustus and dedicated to his sister (33-23 BC) – temples,library; restored under Domitian (80s AD) and Septimius Serverus (190s AD). Everything seen today is Serveran reconstruction
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Began in 42BC by Augustus. Located between the Regia, Temple of Castor and Pollux. Cite of Caesar’s cremation. Temple to the soul of a defined Julius Caesar. Concerned with the worship of a comet that appeared 4 months after Caesars death. Marked the new birth of Augustus as Emperor of Rome. The alter and shrine had a special right of asylum for Roman Citizens. The temple was used as a site for Emperor’s to deliver funeral speeches.
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Far western side of the Roman Forum, behind the Temple of Concord, on the front slope if Capitoline hill, and marks the borderline between the Forum and the Capitol. Built in 78 BC, it was initiated by Quintus Lutatius Catulus, reconstruction efforts on the Capitolium after the fire of 83BC. Served administrative functions; stored the state archives, such as dedds, laws, treaties, and decrees of the Senate. The foundation has the shape of a trapezoid. It has 11 arches 8 which are closed. It was restored during the 13th century when part of it was replaced by the Senatorial Palace. 

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Castor and Pollux were twin brothers whose mother was Leda and father Zeus. The twins are credited with assisting in the victory during the Battle of Lake Regillus. Fire- around 14 BC or 9 BC a fire occurred. Aufustus rebuilt the Temple. Festival July 15: new date January 27th  The Monument: three columns remain: Corinthian peripterors.. Italian white marble and classical Roman architecture.
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Late 2nd BC, 2nd oldest marble temple (1st was T. Jupitor Stator); 20 columns- Pentelic and Luni marble; repaired under Tiberius after a fire; Marcus ooctavius 

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Planned by Julius Caesar, project continues by Octavian/Augustus; dedicated to memory of Augustus nephew Marcellus; restored by Vespasian; travertine, concrete; diameter of cavea ca. 130 m.; 15-20,000 spectators
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Theater Of Pompey
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Rome’s First Permanent theater (ded. 55BC); Pompey was a political and military leader in the 1st century BC (not to be confused by Pompeii, which is a famous Roman city); theater and porticus; temple of Venus Victrix at top of cavea.
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House of Augustus/Livia (Palatine Hill
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built by the first Emperor as the official residence for his family; two contiguous areas definded as separate, but unified houses of Augustus and his wife Livia. Important frescoes were found in the latter.
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Temple of Magna Mater
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Constructed toward the end of the Second Punic War, following instructions provided by the Sibylline Books; earliest example of concrete architecture. Dedicated on April 11, 191 BC by Marcus Junius Brutus on which occasion the Ludi Megalenses is celebrated. The temple burned down in 111 BC and was restored in 110 BC but it burned down again and was rebuilt by Augustus.
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Altar of Peace” was constructed between 13 and 9 BC to commemorate the empire-wide peace that Augustus had established through militart campaigns and political/administrative reforms: Plan based upon Hellenistic altars; relief panels highlighting Augustan ideology: roots of Italy and Rome (Aneas; Romulus and Remus), fertility and abundance for all citizens of the empire (tellus/Pax); honor, piety, austerity and generosity of the emperor, his family and his allies (imperial procession).

 

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Place of public administration such as legel hearings and money changing. In early 4th AD, when Christianity was first legalized, one of the forms of churched adopted by the Christians was the form of the basilica. Construction begun in 179 BC under Aemilis Lepidus and was completed under Marcus Fulvius Nobilior. Reconstruction of the basilica took place around 54-34 BC. During the time of Julius Caesar and Augustus. 

 

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Roman senators/generals between the 3rd and 2nd  centuries BC Temple C- Dedicated to the goddess Feronia (patron of the Sabines), was constructed around 290 BC in order to placate this goddess following Roman victories over the Sabines. Temple A- Was constructed in the mid 3rd century BC and was dedicated to Juturna. It was commissioned by Q. Lutatius Catulus, the Roman general who ended the first Punic War in 241 BC. Temple D - was constructed in the early 2nd century BC for the Lares Permarini. Temple B – appears to have been constructed by Q Lutatius Catulus and Marius. Dedicated to fortuna Huiusce Diei Late 2nd BC.

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Ancient Roman Temple, located on the western end of the Roman Forum. Built in the 4th century BC. Dedicated as a temple of Peace between the Pledian class and the more wealthy Patricians during a period of civil discord within the ancient city. Dedicated to Concordia, the Roman goddess of Harmony. It was built in 366 BC by Marcus Furius Camillus which was the same year as the century long power struggle call the Aventine Secession.

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The reclining banquet was a frequent subject in the civilizations of antiquity. In a funerary context, it might be a funeral meal, the banquet of the blessed in the afterlife, or simply a representation of the deceased in an activity characteristic of his social status. Unlike women in Greece at this time, Etruscan women attended banquets, testifying to their important role in society. Walk around the sarcophagus in order to see this reclining couple from every angle.  The couple is portrayed as banqueters, half-reclining on beds covered with mattresses. They belonged to the elite of Etruscan society.The wife, sumptuously dressed and adorned with jewelry, has a tutulus (conical hat) and wears boots with curved tips. Her husband may be wearing a blond wig. they are goatskins for wine. Wine was a luxury drink, and sets of wine vessels, consisting of large numbers of pieces, varied greatly in style, as demonstrated by the drinking cups of diverse forms displayed in the vitrine to the right.

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three golden leaves that record a dedication made around 500 BC by Thefarie Velianas, king of Caere,  Two of the tablets are inscribed in the Etruscan language, the third in Phoenician. These writings are important not only in providing a bilingual text that allows researchers to use knowledge of the Phoenician language to read Etruscan, but they also provide evidence of Phoenician/Punic influence in the Western Mediterranean. This document helps provide a context for Polybius's report (Hist. 3,22) of an ancient and almost unintelligible treaty between the Romans and the Carthaginians, which he dated to the consulships of L. Iunius Brutus and L. Tarquinius Collatinus (509 BC).
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An Etruscan artifact found on September 26, 1877 near Gossolengo, in the province of Piacenza, Italy. It is a life-sized bronze model of a sheep's liver covered in Etruscan writings. The writings on the liver are names of Etruscan deities. It is believed that the bronze model served as a tool for priests when they practiced haruspicy. It has been dated to the 2nd-3rd century BC.
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