Term
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Definition
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Igneous rocks are called fire rocks and are formed either underground or above ground. Underground, they are formed when the melted rock, called magma, deep within the earth becomes trapped in small pockets. As these pockets of magma cool slowly underground, the magma becomes igneous rocks.
Igneous rocks are also formed when volcanoes erupt, causing the magma to rise above the earth's surface. When magma appears above the earth, it is called lava. Igneous rocks are formed as the lava cools above ground. |
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Term
Igenous Rocks:
what they form from
how they cool
crystal sizes |
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Definition
MAFIC:contain abundant iron and magnesium bearing minerals which are dark in color. We call these MAFIC rocks (for magnesium and iron, Fe). FELSIC: Tend to have mostly feldspar and quartz in them which are light colored minerals. We call these FELSIC rocks (for feldpar and silica).
INTERMEDIATE: Rocks with both mineral types are called INTERMEDIATE.
Mafic rocks tend to be very dark in appearance.
Felsic rocks tend to be very light in appearance. Because the mafic minerals are also very dense, mafic rocks tend to be more dense than felsic rocks. |
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3 families of igneous rocks
color differences
composition differences |
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Definition
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Term
| origins of sedimentary rocks |
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Definition
form when sediment becomes pressed and connected together.
For thousands, even millions of years, little pieces of our earth have been eroded--broken down and worn away
by wind and water. These little bits of our earth are washed downstream where they settle to the bottom of the rivers, lakes, and oceans. Layer after layer of eroded earth is deposited on top of each. These layers are pressed down more and more through time, until the bottom layers slowly turn into rock. |
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Term
| describe compaction and cementation |
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Definition
| sediment layers are squeezed toegther by weight. |
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Term
3 types of sedimentary rocks
what are they composed of
differences between them |
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Definition
There are 6 main kinds of sedimentary rocks depending on the appearance of the rock.
Conglomerate rock has rounded rocks (pebbles, boulders) cemented together in a matrix.
Sandstone is a soft stone that is made when sand grains cement together. Sometimes the sandstone is deposited in layers of different coloured sand.
Shale is clay that has been hardened and turned into rock. It often breaks apart in large flat sections.
Limestone is a rock that contains many fossils and is made of calcium carbonate &/or microscopic shells.
Gypsum, common salt or Epsom salt is found where sea water precipitates the salt as the water evaporates.
Porphory rock is when jagged bits of rock are cemented together in a matrix. |
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Term
| know the factors that cause metaphorhism |
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Definition
| heat, pressure, chemically active fluids |
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Term
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Definition
contact
burial
shock
foliated
nonfoliated |
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| Know the difference between foliated and nonfoliated rocks |
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Definition
foliated: occurs when mineral grams flatten
nonfoliated: mineral grams do change, grow, or re-arrange |
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Term
| know the processes that can change rocks |
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Definition
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Term
| walk a rock type through the cycle to form the other rock types |
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Definition
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