Term
"I'm not here tonight to discuss my religion. I'm not here to try and change your religion. I'm not here to argue or discuss anything that we differ about,"
"I'm not a politician, not even a student of politics; in fact, I'm not a student of much of anything. I'm not a Democrat. I'm not a Republican," |
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Definition
Anaphora
repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses |
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Term
| "realize that it is best for us to first see that we have the same problem, a common problem, a problem that will make you catch hell whether you're a Baptist, or a Methodist, or a Muslim, or a nationalist. " |
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Definition
Anadiplosis
repitition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the next clause |
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Term
| "These 22 million victims are waking up. Their eyes are coming open." |
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Definition
Analogy
using either a familiar object or idea to compare to a less familiar idea to help the listener/reader understand, OR using a well-accepted favorable idea to compare with a less-favorable one to gain audience approval or vice versa |
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Term
| "Whether you're educated or illiterate, whether you live on the boulevard or in the alley," |
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Definition
Antithesis
contrast of ideas created through parallel construction of opposite words, phrases, or clauses |
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Term
"Whether we are Christians or Muslims or nationalists or agnostics or atheists..." (The Ballot or the Bullet)
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Definition
Polysyndeton
Deliberate use of many conjunctions for special emphasis.
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Term
| "These odds aren't as great as those odds." |
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Definition
Epanalepsis
repetition of the first word of a clause at the end of the same clause |
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Term
| ..." my community with their false promises, building up our hopes for a letdown, with their trickery and their treachery, with their false promises which they don't intend to keep" |
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Definition
Consanance
intentional repitition of 3 or more consanant sounds among nearby words
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Term
"If we don't do something real soon, I think you'll have to agree that we're going to be forced either to use the ballot or the bullet."
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Definition
Security
indicating your audience may suffer harm/negative consequence if they don’t agree with you |
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Term
"The year when all of the political white crooks will..." (The Ballet or the Bullet)
"All these Negro leaders have the audacity to go and have some coffee in the White House with a Texan, a Southern cracker..." (The Ballot or the Bullet) |
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Definition
Name-Calling
Directly or indirectly labeling those against you in a negative way.
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Term
"Those Honkies that just got off the boat, they're already Americans; Polacks are already Americans; the Italian refugees are already Americans. Everything that came out of Europe, every blue-eyed thing, is already an American.
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Definition
Epistrophe
repetition of the same word or phrase at the end of successive clauses |
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Term
"It's got to be the ballot or the bullet."
"As they nourish these dissatisfactions, it can only lead to one thing, an explosion;" |
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Definition
Farce
extreme exaggeration of something that in reality may be quite logical to prove a point
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Term
"If the late President Kennedy could get together with Khrushchev and exchange some wheat, we certainly have more in common with each other than Kennedy and Khrushchev had with each other."
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Definition
Sarcasm
a form of verbal irony generally intened as a witty insult
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Term
| " I don't see any American dream; I see an American nightmare." (The Ballot or the Bullet) |
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Definition
Juxtaposition
Putting normally unassociated ideas, words, or phrases together to generate a new/interseting effect.
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Term
| " I'm not going to sit at your table and watch you eat, with nothing on my plate, and call myself a diner." (The Ballot or the Bullet) |
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Definition
Metaphor
Direct comparison of two unlike things.
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Term
…the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities.
- Martin Luther King Jr.
The hot and monotonous night led to a soft mournful night.
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Definition
Assonance
intentional repetition of 3 or more vowel sounds among nearby words |
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Term
| "Now in speaking like this, it doesn't mean that we're anti-white, but it does mean we're anti-exploitation, we're anti-degradation, we're anti-oppression." (The Ballot or the Bullet) |
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Definition
Parallelism (Repitition)
Intentional repitition of the same grammatical structure, which may also include a repeated word or phrase, in the same structural position at least three times in nearby sentences or segments of a sentence.
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Term
Our faith is sure, our resolve is firm, and our union is strong.
- George Bush
It has talked and talked and talked the words of freedom, but it has failed and failed and failed the works of freedom.
- Barry Goldwater
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Definition
Parallelism (Syntax)
intentional balancing clauses within a sentence to create equality of development between ideas (a.k.a. balanced sentence) |
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Term
| "No, no, we are not satisfied and we will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream" |
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Definition
Simile
comparision of two unlike things using "like" or as" |
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Term
In some ways, he was this town at its best-- strong, hard-driving, working feverishly, pushing, building, [and] driven by ambitions so big they seemed Texas-boastful.
- Mike Royko
Some of them were Buddhists. Some of them were Muslim. Some of them were Christians. Some of them were Confucianists; [and] some were atheists. Despite their religious differences, they came together. Some were communists; some were socialists; [and] some were capitalists.
- Malcolm X
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Definition
Asyndeton
deliberate omission of conjunctions in a series of related clauses |
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Term
"My country 'tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing. Land where my fathers died, land of the Pilgrim's pride, from every mountainside, let freedom ring!"(I Have a Dream Speech)
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Definition
Colloquialism/Dialect
Coversational/familiar language particular to a particular region or dialect.
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Term
| "The year when all of the political white crooks will..." (The Ballet or the Bullet) |
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Definition
Loaded Terms
words that inspire deeply negative or deeply positive reactions |
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Term
| " ... the only way you can get involved in the civil-rights struggle is to give it a new interpretation." (The Ballot or the Bullet) |
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Definition
Opponent's Point of View
Acknowledge and refute opponent's argument.
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Term
Prosperity is a great teacher; adversity a greater [teacher].
– Hazlitt
• The streets were deserted, the doors [were]bolted.
- Unknown
•“That’s camouflage, that’s trickery, that’s treachery, [and that’s] window-dressing.” (3)
- Malcolm X
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Definition
Ellipsis
intentional omission of a word or words that are readily implied by the context |
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Term
No, not I.
Yet alone I must be if I am to succeed.
•By whom, I know not.
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Definition
Inverted Syntax
intentional unconventional rearranging of word order to create an effect |
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