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| Using successive words with the same initial sound |
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| a literary, historical, religious, or mythological reference |
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| beginning phrases, clauses, or sentences, with the same or very similar sounds (We shall not flag or fail. We shall fight in France. We shall....) |
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| contrasting or opposing of ideas in clauses or sentences |
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| a concise statement designed to make a point or illustrate a commonly held belief (Haste makes waste). |
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| affirmation by denial or pretending to deny what is really affirmed (no offense, but...) |
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| the speaker pretends to turn away from the audience to address a person or thing that may or may not be present |
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| two juxtaposed nouns, the second elaborating the first ("Mary, Queen of Scots") |
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the repetition of vowel sounds, usually in successive words
(Flash with a rash gimmie my cash flickin' my ash...) |
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leaving out conjunctions or connectives between elements of a sentence
(leaving out "and" in a list) |
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an inversion of terms in the sentence order
(ask not what your country can do for you...) |
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the repetition of two or more consonants with a change in intervening vowels
(middle, muddle...wonder, wander) |
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ending phrases, clauses, or sentences with the same or similar sounds
(I want the best, and we need the best, and we deserve the best.") |
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a gentle expression for a harsh reality
(He passed away...instead of "he died") |
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the contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant
verbal-writer says opposite of what is meant
situational-events end up opposite of what is expected
dramatic-facts are known to reader but not to character |
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parallel structure in which the parallel elements are similar not only in grammatical structure, but also in length
("Many are called, but few are chosen") |
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| a place side by side, especially for comparison |
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| one thing picture as if it were something else |
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an attribute or commonly associated feature is used to name or designate something
("The White House announced today...)
(Using "Hollywood" to represent the entire film industry |
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| a word capturing or approximating the sound of what it describes |
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combing two apparently contradictory elements
(Deafening silence) |
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a statement that seems contradictory but may probably be true
("Nobody goes to that restaurant, it's too crowded")
(Don't go near the water until you've learned to swim) |
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| an animal or object is given human qualities |
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use of a conduction between each clause; the opposite of asyndeton
(There was a man, and a woman, and a child, and a dog...) |
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| a question so phrased that it elicits the desired response from the audience |
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| a form of verbal irony in which apparent praise is actually critical |
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| a metaphor in which "like" or "as" is used |
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a part signifying the whole
(All hands on deck...)- Hands representing the sailors |
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a grammatically correct construction in which a word, usually a verb or adjective, is applied to two or more nouns with being repeated.
(The thief took my wallet and the 5th Avenue bus.) |
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