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| 1. Which of the following blood vessels carries blood away from the heart to other organs? |
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| 2. Which of the following blood vessels carries blood from the tissues back to the heart? |
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| 3. Which layer of the arterial wall is responsible for vasoconstriction? |
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| 4. Which layer of the arterial wall is primarily composed of elastic and collagen fibers? |
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| 5. When an artery or arteriole is damaged, its smooth muscle layer contracts producing |
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| 6. Elastic arteries function as |
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7. In resting individuals, these vessels serve as a large blood reservoir from which blood
can be quickly diverted to other vessels as needed. |
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| 8. This type of blood vessel plays a key role in regulating blood flow into capillaries. |
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| 9. Which of the following structures are found in veins but NOT in arteries? |
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| 10. Capillaries are also referred to as |
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| 11. Which of the following is the most important method of capillary exchange? |
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12. Which of the following structures is used to control the flow of blood through a
capillary bed? |
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| 13. Which of the following types of tissues contains continuous capillaries? |
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| 14. The alternate route of blood flow to a body part through an anastomosis is called |
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15. The largest driving force for pulling fluid from the interstitial spaces back into the
capillaries is |
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16. The pressure-driven movement of fluids and solutes from blood into interstitial fluid is
called |
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17. The volume of blood that circulates through the systemic (or pulmonary) blood vessels
per minute is called |
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| 18. Cardiac output is dependent on both |
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| 19. Which of the following would NOT result in an increase in arterial blood pressure? |
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| 20. Which of the following would NOT result in an increase in systemic vascular resistance? |
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21. Which of the following characteristics of blood depends mostly on the ratio of RBCs to
plasma volume? |
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Definition
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| 23. The cardiovascular center is located |
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| 24. All of the following aid in venous return of blood to heart EXCEPT |
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25. Which of the following would be a normal response of the cardiovascular system to a
decreased frequency of action potentials arising from the baroreceptors? |
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26. Which of the following hormones would NOT stimulate changes that lead to an increase
in arterial blood pressure? |
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27. When chemoreceptors in blood vessels detect high levels of carbon dioxide in the blood,
they stimulate all of the following changes EXCEPT |
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| 28. The myogenic response of smooth muscle results in |
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29. What do the following chemicals have in common: potassium, hydrogen ions, lactic
acid, nitric oxide, and adenosine? |
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| 30. In which of the following types of blood vessels is blood pressure NOT pulsing? |
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| 31. Abnormal conditions such as atherosclerosis and patent ductus arteriosus cause an large increase in the |
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| 32. This type of shock is due to decreased blood volume |
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| 33. What do following arteries have in common: superficial temporal artery, brachial artery and common carotid artery? |
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| 34. Which of the following would NOT occur in response to hypovolemic shock? |
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| 35. All the veins of the systemic circulation eventually drain into the |
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| 36. The pulmonary trunk divides into |
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| 37. In fetal circulation, what is the opening between the right and left atria called? |
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| 38. Which of the following vessels is a pulse point found at the wrist? |
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| 39. Which of the following vessels supplies blood to the intestines? |
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| 40. Which of the following vessels supplies blood to the kidneys? |
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| 41. Which of the following vessels drains blood from the lower leg? |
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| 42. Which of the following vessels drains blood from the head and neck? |
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43. Which of the following vessels carries the venous blood from the lower body into the
right atrium? |
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| 44. When the umbilical cord is tied after birth, the umbilical arteries close by filling in with |
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| 45. Normal blood pressure for a young adult male is |
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| 46. Which of the following types of blood vessels have high pulsing blood pressure? |
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47. What would the pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure be for an individual with a
blood pressure of 120/80? |
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48. Which of the following effectors would NOT be activated as described below in
response to hypovolemic shock? |
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| 49. The pulmonary circulatory route carries blood from the |
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50. All of the following changes are commonly observed in the cardiovascular system in
response to aging EXCEPT |
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51. Which of the following categories would an individual with a blood pressure of 145/95
be placed in? |
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52. Which of the following categories of hypertension drugs lower blood pressure by
blocking formation of angiotensin II, which results in vasodilation and decreased
aldosterone secretion? |
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| 53. Which branch(es) of the coronary arteries listed below supply the left ventricle? |
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| 55. What general regions do the external and internal iliacs supply? |
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| 56. ________ is persistently high blood pressure. |
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| 57. Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic and immune system? |
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| 58. What is the major difference between lymph and interstitial fluid? |
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| 59. Lack of resistance is also known as: |
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| 60. What causes lymph from the small intestines to appear white? |
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| 61. Which of the following is not considered an organ of the immune system? |
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| 62. The left subclavian vein receives lymph from |
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| 63. The lymph from the right foot empties into the |
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| 64. The skeletal muscle and respiratory pumps are used in |
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| 65. Which organ produces a hormone that promotes maturation of T cells? |
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| 66. In which part of the thymus are T cells thought to die? |
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| 67. Which portion of the lymph node does not contain any lymphatic nodules. |
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| 68. Which of the following is a function of the spleen? |
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| 69. Which of these does NOT provide a physical or chemical barrier? |
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| 70. Which of these provides a non-specific cellular disease resistance mechanism |
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| 71. Which anti-microbial substances reduce viral replication (in uninfected cells)? |
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| 72. Which anti-microbial substances promote cytolysis, phagocytosis and inflammation? |
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| 73. Which cell kills infected body cells and tumor cells? |
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| 74. Which of the following is NOT a sign of inflammation? |
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75. Which of the following intensifies the effect of interferons and promotes the rate of
repair? |
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76. Which does NOT induce vasodilation and permeability (increased fluid flow) to an
infection site? |
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| 77. When B and T cells are fully developed and mature, they are described as being |
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| 78. Which induces the production of a specific antibody? |
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79. Which stimulates an immune response ONLY when it is attached to a large carrier
molecule? |
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Definition
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| 80. Genetic recombination generates diversity in what part(s) of the immune system? |
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Definition
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| 81. Which class of cells includes macrophages, B cells and dendritic cells? |
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82. To become activated, which requires being bound to a foreign antigen AND
simultaneous costimulation? |
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Definition
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| 83. Which cells display CD4 proteins and interact with MHC Class II antigens? |
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| 84. Which T cell toxin fragments DNA? |
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| 85. Which class of antibodies is mainly found in sweat, tears, breast milk and GI secretions? |
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Definition
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| 86. Which leads to inflammation, enhancement of phagocytosis and lysis of microbes? |
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Definition
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| 87. Which action makes microbes more susceptible to phagocytosis? |
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Definition
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| 88. Which is an inactive, self responsive cell? |
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Definition
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| 89. The inability of the immune system to protect the body from a pathogen causes |
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| 90. An acute allergic response can lead to: |
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Definition
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| 91. Natural exposure to an infectious agent leads to: |
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| 92. Which class of antibodies indicates a recent invasion? |
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Definition
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| 93. Which is part of the body's second line of defense? |
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Definition
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| 94. Which is the most variable cell in the immune system? |
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Definition
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| 95. The primary response will peak how many days after an exposure? |
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Definition
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| 96. Which type of immunity defends against any type of invader? |
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97. The ability of an antigen to react specifically with the antibodies or cells it has provoked
is called |
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Definition
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| 98. Which is a small hormone that can stimulate or inhibit many normal cell functions? |
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Definition
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| 99. Which type of adaptive immunity will result from intravenous injection of immunoglobulins? |
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Definition
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100. Which type of adaptive immunity will result from mother-to-baby IgA transfer via
breast feeding? |
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Definition
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| 101. Natural passive immunity is associated with which of the following? |
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| 102. Which cells increase the permeability of blood vessels by releasing histamine? |
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Definition
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103. Which cytokine released by macrophages acts on the hypothalamus to raise the body
temperature during fever? |
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Definition
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| 104. Which immunoglobulin is a pentamer? |
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Definition
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| 105. Antigens that induce an allergic reaction are called |
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Definition
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| 106. Which cell is considered to be the most important cell in the immune system? |
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| 107. The thymus develops from the |
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| 108. Which of the following negatively affects the immune system? |
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Definition
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| 109. Which statement is correct? |
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| 110. Which of the following is NOT part of the upper respiratory system? |
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| 111. The conducting zone does NOT act to |
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| 112. The nose connects with the pharynx through the |
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Definition
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| 113. Which of the following is a passageway for air, food and water? |
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| 114. The opening to the pharynx from the mouth is called |
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| 115. This structure prevents food or water from entering the trachea. |
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| 116. During swallowing, which structure rises |
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117. These are triangular pieces of mostly hyaline cartilage located at the posterior and
superior border of the cricoid cartilage. |
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Definition
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| 118. Pitch is controlled by |
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| 119. This is located anterior to the esophagus and carries air to the bronchi. |
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| 120. This is the primary gas exchange site. |
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| 121. Which of the below tissues maintains open airways in the lower respiratory system |
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122. Which of the below tissues provides the functions of the inner layer of the conducting
organs? |
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Definition
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| 123. The point where the trachea divides into right and left primary bronchi is a ridge called |
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| 124. Which of the below tissues forms the exchange surfaces of the alveolus? |
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