Term
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Definition
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Term
| Thickening of the alveolar barrier causes |
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Definition
| fibrosis and inflammation |
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Term
| Decreased Surface Area of alveoli due to.... |
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Definition
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Term
| Decreased uptake by erythrocytes due to.. |
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Definition
| Anemia, low capillary blood volume |
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Term
ALveolar ventilation (4L/min)
Pulmonary perfusion (5L/Min) |
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Definition
1. O2 in, CO2 out
2. CO2 in, O2 out |
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Term
Perfusion without ventilation means...
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Definition
Alveoli collapsed from fluid/mucus obstruction
[blood going to sys. not oxygenated] |
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Term
|
Definition
blood flow not getting to alveoli
[Blood flow obstruction,pulm. embolism] |
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|
Term
Mixed venous :
1. PO2
2. PCO2 |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Use PFT with Amiodarone because it is an antiarrhythmatic that causes |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Measure of the amount of air in and out of the lungs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Normal FVC
2. Normal FEV1
3. FEV1/FVC Ratio |
|
Definition
1. 80-120%
2. 80-120% (forced expiratory volume 1 sec)
3. > 0.7 of predicted
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|
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Term
| SIgnificant bronchodilator effect is sed to be if... |
|
Definition
| FEV or FVC inc by at least 12% and 200 mL after admin of bronchodil. |
|
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Term
| FEV1/FVC ratio < lower limit of normal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| FEV1/FVC greater than lower imit of normal |
|
Definition
restrictive or normal
[If TLC or FVC less than lower limit of Normal ...its restrictive] |
|
|
Term
Normal ranges:
pH
SaO2
PaO2
PaCO2
HCO3 |
|
Definition
pH: 7.35-7.45
SaO2: 80-100%
PaO2: 80-100 mm Hg
PaCO2: 35-45 mm Hg
HCO3: 22-26 mEq/L |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Resp acidosis [overdose,stroke,pneumonia]
Resp alkalosis [head injury, asthma,hyperventilation] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
HCO3 inc = METABOLIC alkalosis
[kidney disease,electrolyte imbalance,vomitting prolongly]
HCO3 dec=METABLIC acidosis
[shock induced hypoxemia,renal failure, toxin ingested]
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|
|
Term
Lungs control____________ through resp rate
Kidneys control _____ and _______ excreted in ujrine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Patient values:
pH = 7.45
PaCO2 = 32 mmHg
PaO2 138 mm Hg
HCO3 = 23 mEq/L |
|
Definition
pH = 7.45 [indicates alkalosis]
PaCO2 = 32 mmHg [indicates resp alkalosis]
PaO2 138 mm Hg [pt may be on supplemental O2]
HCO3 = 23 mEq/L [normal so no metabolic compensation] |
|
|
Term
| Measures oxygen saturation of blood [SaO2] |
|
Definition
Pulse Oximetry
[normal >89%]
{probe measures O2 usin light} |
|
|
Term
| When is pulse oximetry needed |
|
Definition
before/after surgery
assess Tx efficacy
|
|
|
Term
| provides pt and HCPs with objective measure of airflow obstruction |
|
Definition
Peak Flow Monitoring
[Male 500-700L/min, Female 380-500L/min] |
|
|
Term
| When to use a peak flow meter |
|
Definition
moderate-severe asthma
excessive use of beta 2 agonists
|
|
|
Term
| Difficulty exhaling air from lungs caused by damage to the lung or narrowing inside |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Obstructive lung Disease = Causes |
|
Definition
CCASE****
Cystic fibrosis
COPD
Asthma
SILICOSIS
Emphysema
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
300 million worlwide
triggered by:
[allergens, exercise,dustmites,cokroach,cold,dry air]
Sx;[cough,Dyzpnea, wheezing, Hypoxemia, Tahcypnea] |
|
|
Term
| Do not use these meds with ASTHMA!!!!,,,,.... |
|
Definition
***BAN***
NSAIDS, Aspirin,Beta Blockers |
|
|
Term
| ASthmas treated with what meds |
|
Definition
LONG ACTING: Corticosteroids inhaled,Cromolyns,Leukotriene modifiers, long actin B2 agonists,IgE agonists(rare...XOLAIR)
SHORT-ACTING: IV/Oral corticosteroids,short acting B2 agonists
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|
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Term
|
Definition
15 million americans, 3rd leading cause of death in U.S
Risks:cigarette smoking, Alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency (1% of cases), occupational agricultur/construction/concrete |
|
|
Term
| STructrural support loss, inflamed small air ways, mucus in air ways= |
|
Definition
COPD[chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder]
(Hx of productive cough for 3 months in 2 consec yrs)
(hypertrophy large airway mucous glands,inflamed small bronchioles)
{SX:coughing, wheezing, resp/insp crackles}
{Emphysema=diminished breath sounds, Tachycardia, Hyperinflation} |
|
|
Term
What level of COPD management is Pharmacist involved in ???
|
|
Definition
Moderate (level II)
with FEV1/FVC 50-80% |
|
|
Term
| Expansion of lung restricted by alterations in lung parenchyma, and diseases of the Pleura, Chest Wall, or Neuromusculature |
|
Definition
Restrictive Lung Disease
[divided into 1. lung Parenchyma diseases
and 2. extrinsic or extra pulmonary diseases] |
|
|
Term
3 Lung Parenchyma Diseases
(restrictive lung disease) |
|
Definition
***SIP***
1.Interstitial Lung Disease
2. Pneumonitis
3. Sarcoidosis |
|
|
Term
Extra pulmonary diseases (3)
[restrictive lung disease] |
|
Definition
***SON***
1. Scoliosis
2. Neuromuscular disease
3. Obesity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dust, fumes, cig smoke, autoimmune conditions
Drugs, infections,radiation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hypoxemia with supplemental O2
Drug therapy
[Glucoocorticoids 4-12 wk dose tapered]
[add on agents 8-12 weeks to see if effect]
Lung Transplant
Add on Agents
(Cyclophosphamide,Azothioprine,Mycophenalate,Methotrexate,cyclosporine)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Age -Gender -Family History
-Smoking History -Occupational/Environmental Histroy
-Travel History |
|
|
Term
| IPF-Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis |
|
Definition
Chronic Inflammation of Alveolar walls
over months to years50-70 yrs of age
factor=tobacco/env exposure
Sx:Inspiratory Crackles,Pulm HTN, Digital Cyanosis/clubbing,Dyspnea/tachypnea,unproduct cough. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Spirometer changes=FEV1, FVC, FRC dec(TLC dec in morbid obesity)
Dyspnea
Obstructive sleep apnea, COPD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Material enters venous sys (pulm circ)
Types of PE=air,amniotic fluid,tumor,DVT
most commonly originates as deep vein thrombus of lowere extremeties |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dyspnea,pleuitic chest pain,hemoptysis
Hypotension
Swollen tender warm red calf |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PE TESTs=Hypoxemia,Abnormal ECG, Chest Xray, D-dimers,BNP, Ventilation,CT Scan,ABG(PaO2 dec,PaCO2 dec)
PE Tx=Thrombolytics,supplemental O2, Anticoagulants |
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