Term
| 3 secondary functions of the Res. system |
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Definition
Buoyancy (float in water)
Vocalization
Respiratory pump |
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Term
| Upper Res. track consist of |
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Definition
| nasal cavity, paranasal sinus, pharynx |
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Term
| Lowe Res. track consist of |
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Definition
| larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli |
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Term
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Definition
| Res. brinchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli |
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Term
| through the ___ is where the air is warmed, humidified, and filtered. (mainly from Res. mucosa |
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Definition
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Term
| what locations contain PSCC (5) |
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Definition
| nasal cavity, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi |
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Term
| Nasal cavity filters and cleans air how? |
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Definition
| Nasal hairs trap large particles, mucus traps smaller particles, seromucous glands secrete lysozyme (antibacterial enzyme), epithelial cells secrete defensins (antibiotic) |
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Term
| the superior nasal cavity and conchae are lined w/ what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Differentiate between rhinitis and sinusitis. |
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Definition
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Term
what is laryngitis?
common causes? |
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Definition
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Term
submucosa is what kind of tissue?
contains what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Right lungs has how many lobes and segments |
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Definition
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Term
| Left lung has how many lobes and segments |
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Definition
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Term
| how many terminal bronchioles per bronchopulmonary segment? |
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Definition
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Term
| anything less than 1mm are considered? |
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Definition
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Term
| in the res. system smooth muscle is controlled by the? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| bronchoconstriction via Ach on muscurinic receptors. |
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Term
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Definition
| bronchodialation via E/NE on beta2 receptors |
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Term
| walls of ea. lung are surrounded by serous membrane, which attaches to the ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| the serous membrane of the lungs surrounds the entire lung except for the ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| ea. lung is attached to the mediastinum by a ____ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| interlobular septa (fibrous CT) |
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Term
| how many alveoli per lung? provide how much surface area? |
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Definition
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Term
| what do the alveolar pores do? |
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Definition
| equalize pressure and provide alternate routes to air flow to alveoli that have obstructed airways. |
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Term
| elastic fibers on alveoli do what? |
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Definition
| provide stretch and recoil |
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Term
| the alveolar wall is made up of |
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Definition
| simple squamos epithelium, formed by type 1 alveolar cells. |
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Term
| 3 layers of res. membrane |
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Definition
type 1 alveolar cells
endothelial cells
basement membrane |
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Term
| the endothelial cells of a capillary produce the enzyme called ____. Why is this the ideal location for this blood enzyme? |
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Definition
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Term
| purpose of pulmonary blood |
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Definition
| gas exchange and to nourish Res. membrane |
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Term
| the visceral pleura lines the |
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Definition
|
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Term
| the parietal pleura lines the |
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Definition
| inner surface of thoracic wall |
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Term
what is Pleurisy?
caused by? |
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Definition
| pleural inflammation, resulting in painful breathing, often caused by pneumonia. |
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Term
| L/R plural cavities are separated by the |
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Definition
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Term
| external respiration is diffusion of gases between |
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Definition
| alveoli and pulmonary capillaries |
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Term
| internal respiration is diffusion of gases between |
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Definition
| systemic capillaries and cells |
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Term
| 4 steps of collective respiration |
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Definition
pulmonary respiration
external respiration
transport
internal respiration |
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Term
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Definition
P1V1=P2V2
(high Vol= Low pressure) or
(low Vol = high pressure) |
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Term
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Definition
| a hole in the thorax allowing air to enter the pleural cavity. |
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Term
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Definition
| a collapsed lung due to air entering the pleural cavity. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| inspiration quiet breathing |
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Definition
+ thoracic vol.
- Pa (-1mmHg) via contraction of inspiratory muscles.
+ diaphragm
+ external intercostals |
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Term
| expiration quiet breathing |
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Definition
- thoracic vol.
+ Pa (+1mmhg) via recoil of lungs
- diaphragm
- external intercostals |
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Term
| inspiration forced breathing |
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Definition
| recruit accessory respiratory muscles, to elevate and + circumference of ribcage. |
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Term
| expiration forced breathing |
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Definition
recruit accessory muscles.
depress and - circumference of ribcage, abdominal ,muscles, raise diaphragm. |
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Term
| Bronchocontriction is mediated by the __. Ach and _____ receptors. |
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Definition
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Term
| what can you do to help long term of bronchocontriction? |
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Definition
| treat w/ E or other Beta 2 agonist. (albuterol) cortical steroid. |
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Term
| Bronchodialation is mediated by the ___/. ___ and Beta 2 receptors. |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Infant respiratory distress syndrome |
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Term
what is IRDS?
How do you treat it? |
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Definition
problem in infants not producing enough surfactant, so they have difficulty inflating their lungs.
Treatment: synthetic surfactant &/ or mechanical ventilator. |
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Term
Poor lung compliance results in what?
Disease example? |
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Definition
amount of surfactant produced is decreased.
elastic tissue is replaced w/ fibrosis tissue.
Example: TB |
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Term
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Definition
| how easily a the lungs can be expanded. healthy lungs are super stretchy. |
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Term
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Definition
(Vm)= RR x TV= amount of air moving through the respiratory track per min.
TV normal 500ml at rest
RR normal 12/min |
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Term
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Definition
(Va)= (RR) x (TV-DSV) (dead space vol)
Va= (12) x (500-150) |
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Term
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Definition
easier to breath in than out.
COPD
chronic bronchitis
emphysema |
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Term
|
Definition
inflammation of air ways
+ mucus, and airway thikening, coughing. |
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Term
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Definition
lunf damage & inflammation of alveoli
destruction of alveolar walls and elastic tissue. - surface area. |
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Term
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Definition
hard to get air in, easier to get air out.
- lung compliance, due to loss of elastic CT
examples: kyphosis, TB, asbestosis, rheumatoid arthritus. |
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Term
| gas diffusion between alveoli and pulmonary blood is _____ respiration |
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Definition
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Term
| gas diffusion between blood and tissues is ____ respiration. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Total pressure of gas mixture= sum of individual gas pressures. this is called partial pressure. |
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Term
| Henrys Law of dissolved gas |
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Definition
| amount of gas movement. gases dissolve into/out of a liquid in proportion to PP graident. |
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Term
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Definition
Rate= (SA)(Delta P)(D)/ T
D= solubility.
T= thickness |
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Term
PP of O2 in the atm=
goes up or down in higher altitudes? |
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Definition
.209 x 760mmgh= 159mmgh
goes down |
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Term
PP of O2 in alveoli=
why is it smaller? |
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Definition
.137 x 760mmgh= 104mmhg
smaller PO2 due to mixing, and increase water vapor. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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