Term
| Best time to collect a sputum specimen is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Signs and symptoms of sinusitis |
|
Definition
-Headache
-Sinus tenderness
-Congestion
-Nasal drainage |
|
|
Term
| More prone to chronic sinusitis |
|
Definition
| smokers and users of nasal sprays |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic tests for sinusitis |
|
Definition
-x-rays, ct scans, mri
-wbc count |
|
|
Term
| Sinusitis can be a complication of: |
|
Definition
-URI
-Tooth infection
-Allergies
-Pneumonia
-measles |
|
|
Term
| Inflammation of 1 or more sinus cavaties (which narrows or blocks passages) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acute URI caused by viruses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To reduce severity of influenza symptoms |
|
Definition
-Zanamivir (Relenza)
- oseltamivir ( Tamiflu) |
|
|
Term
| Signs and symptoms influenza |
|
Definition
-Rapid onset
-Rhinorrhea
-Copious nasal drainage
-cough
-sore throat
-fever-chills-neuroglia |
|
|
Term
| Incubation for influenza is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To reduce transmission of influenza after exposure |
|
Definition
rimantadine (flumadine)
amantadine (symmetrei) |
|
|
Term
| _______ is the spasmodic obstruction of the airway caused by endotracheal intubation, aspiration, chemical irritation, hypocalcemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nose fracture as a result of trauma or sports injury |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nasal trauma classified as |
|
Definition
| Bilateral, unilateral, complex |
|
|
Term
| Tears in the mucous membrane may cause |
|
Definition
-Epistaxis
-Ecchymosis of the eyes
-Bony crepitus
-Septal hematoma |
|
|
Term
| ____ results from ruptures of small blood vessels of sputum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Give ______ and ________ for influenza |
|
Definition
| analgesics and antitussives |
|
|
Term
| How to diagnose influenza |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Viral (flu)
-Bacterial (strep)
- Fungal (candidiasis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Analgesics
-Antipyretics
-Penicillin |
|
|
Term
| Inflammation of the palatine tonsils (May include adenoids) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tonsilitis may occur as a ______ infection, but is most commonly related to a ______ infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Signs and symptoms tonsilitis |
|
Definition
-Extreme sore throat
- Difficulty swallowing
-High fever
-Tachycardia
-otalgia |
|
|
Term
| Laryngitis is ______ or ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| signs and symptoms laryngitis |
|
Definition
-mild hoarsness
-Aphonia
-sore/scratchy throat
-dry cough
-decreased appetite |
|
|
Term
| A potentially life threatening inflammation of the epiglotis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common cause of epiglottitis |
|
Definition
| Haemophilius influenza type b |
|
|
Term
| In epliglottitis if the surround tissue swells the epliglottis may be pushed back causing _______,_______, and _________ |
|
Definition
| dyspnea, drooling, stridor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Nasotracheal intubation
- antibiotic therapy
- corticosteroid to reduce inflammation |
|
|
Term
| what can cause an airway obstruction? |
|
Definition
| aspiration, trauma, anaphylaxis, laryngospasm |
|
|
Term
| Because the nasal cavity has an extensive blood supply, following nasal surgery there is a risk of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Signs and symptoms pulmonary embolism |
|
Definition
| Severe pain and sudden dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia, restlessness and shock |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic measures for pulmonary hypertension |
|
Definition
H and P
CBC
X-ray
ECG
Ct scan |
|
|
Term
| Collaborative care for pulmonary hypertension |
|
Definition
-Diuretics
-Anticoagulants
-Vasodialotor
-Prostacylin agents
-O2
-Lung/ heart transplant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pressures in pulmonary arteries above 30 mm HG systolic or a map above 15 mm HG |
|
|
Term
| Signs and symptoms pulmonary hypertension |
|
Definition
| Dyspnea and fatigue, crackles and diminished breath sounds, tachypnea and cyanosis |
|
|
Term
| Supportive care for pulmonary hypertension |
|
Definition
low- sodium diet
diuretics
02
cardiac monitoring
fowlers or high fowlers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Minor or life threatening, partial or complete disruption of respiratory or cardiac function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chest wall abruptly compressed: alveoli and pulmonary arteries rupture. Inflammation and edema impairing surfactant production. 12- 24 hours after injury. Chest pain, dyspnea, anxiety |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Blunt and/or penetration, primary sign- inspiratory pain
-Risk for pneumonia
-Bruising, crepitus, diminished breath sounds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-several ribs are fractured (4th-9th most common)
-Paroxysmal breathing- affected side depressed on inspiration and expands with expiration |
|
|
Term
| Treatment for chest trauma |
|
Definition
-Pain control
-Intercostal nerve blocks
Flail: intubation, ventilation |
|
|
Term
| Diagnosti measures for intubation injuries |
|
Definition
-ABG measurements
- Chest x-rays
- Bronchoscopy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the mucous membranes that line major bronchi and their branches |
|
|
Term
| Signs and symptoms bronchitis |
|
Definition
-Fever
-Malaise
-Dry cough
-non-productive cough
-mucopurulent sputum
-blood sputum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Antipyretics
Expercorants
Antitussives, Antibiotics
Analgesics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of bronchioles and alveoli, usually acute but can be from aspiration, radiation, chemical ingestion, or inhalation |
|
|
Term
| Pneumonia is classified according to |
|
Definition
| etiology and presenting symptoms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mycoplasmas, legionella, viruses, and fungus |
|
|
Term
| How can you get pneumonia? |
|
Definition
-Organisms reach alveoli by droplets
-Aspiration from upper airway
-Seeding from bloodstream |
|
|
Term
| In pneumonia, when organisms reach alveoli inflammation is intense. Exudate is produced which |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In pneumonia, capallaries become engorged and cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In pneumonia, WBC's move into area and fill interstial spaces, causing consolidation. Hypoxemia results which leads to _________ |
|
Definition
increased Co2 in the blood
(which stimulates more rapid and shallow breathing) |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of bacterial pneumonia |
|
Definition
high fever (sudden onset)
chils
productive cough
pain in chest walls
malaise
rust colored sputum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Causes of viral pneumonia |
|
Definition
-Damage to lung mucosa with treatment for lung or breast cancer
-Inhalation of kerosene
-Inhalation of foreign body or gastric contents |
|
|
Term
| Sisgns and symptoms of viral pneumonia |
|
Definition
-Sputum more copious
-chills less common
-pulse and respiration slow
-less severe
- weak and ill longer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Nasal stuffiness and fever
-frequent, deep cough
-Dyspnea
-Wheezes, crackles, diminished breath sounds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Special precautions in hospital
-IV fluids
-Humidified
-O2
-meds to open airway
-Decrease inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Antipyretic
-Bronchodilator therapy
-Corticosteroids
- |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-head injury
-shock
-infection
-drug overdose
-trauma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Body responds to injury by reducing blood flow to lungs --platelet clumping (clots)
-Platelets release substances causing localized inflammation of alveolar membranes
-Fluid enters alveoli- pulmonary edema
-Alveoli collapse- gas exchange decreases
-Decreased surfactant production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lungs are stiff- hard to inspire
-Difficulty picking up O2
-Lowered gas exchange
Hypoxia
-lungs may even hemorrhage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Increased respiratory rate, shallow labored breathing, cyanosis, use of accessory muscles, Alkalosis from hyperventilation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Nitric oxide inhalants
-Surfactant
-NSAIDS
-Corticosteroids
-Vasopressers
-Diuretics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inflammation of parietal and visceral pleurae
May develop with TB, lung cancer, cardiac and renal disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Develop when excess fluid accumulates in the pleural space |
|
|
Term
| Signs and symptoms pleurisy |
|
Definition
-Shallow respirations
-Onset abrupt
-Sever pain made worse with deep breathing, coughing, or movement
-Decreased ventilation can result in atelectatosis |
|
|
Term
| Signs and symptomrs pleural effusion |
|
Definition
fever
pleuritic pain
dyspnea |
|
|
Term
| Causes of pleural effusion |
|
Definition
-Tb
-Pneumonia
-Lung Cancer
-PE
-CHF |
|
|
Term
| Treatment for pleural effusion |
|
Definition
-Eliminate cause
-Antibiotics
-Analgesics
-Cardiotonic drugs (CHF)
-Thoracentesis
Surgery (lung cancer) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Aspiration pneumonia (most common)
-Tumor
-AIDS
-Inhalation of dust
-Poor oral hygiene |
|
|
Term
| Signs and symptoms lung abscess |
|
Definition
-Chills and fever
-Malaise
-Anorexia and weight loss
-Pleuritic chest pain
-Productive cough
-Finger clubbing
-Blood sputum- purulent w/ odor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chronic, recurrent infectous disease caused by mycobacterium tuburculosis |
|
|
Term
| Signs and symptoms tuberculosis |
|
Definition
-Chronic cough
-night sweats
-hemoptysis
-fatigue
-anorexia
-weight loss
-low grade fever |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chronic, inflammatory condition in which inflammation causes temporary airway obstruction |
|
|
Term
| 3 componets to airflow obstruction |
|
Definition
-Broncho constriction
-Inflammation and edema
-Increased mucous production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| triggered by agents outside the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
no known etiology
may be proceeded by viral or bacterial infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-overweight and cyanotic
- elevated hemoglobin
-peripheral edema
-wheezing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-older and thin
-severe dyspnea
-quiet chest
- hyperinflation with flattened diaphragms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| autosomal recessive disorder of exocrine glands; defective chloride ion and water transport occurs across membrane of cells that secrete mucous, causing thick tenacious mucous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Maintain patent airway
-O2 and CPT
-Antibiotics
-Pancrease with food
-Multi vitamin
-Fat soluable vitamin supplement
-Increase protein, calories and sodium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
