Term
| What is the advantage of performing a spirometry pulmonary function test on a patient with a cough and sputum? |
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Definition
Could indicate risk for COPD long before shortness of breath and other problems occur.
Can be used as evidence to help a person decide to quit smoking. |
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Term
| What are the 4 major predictors when considering the "normal" spirometric values to use for a patient? |
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Definition
Gender
Age
Height
Ethnic Origin |
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Term
| What is the difference between SVC and FVC in spirometry? |
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Definition
SVC=static vital capacity. slow expiration.
FVC=forced vital capacity. fast expiration and mostly used clinically. |
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Term
| If a patient has an FEV1/FVC ratio of less than 0.75, what could this indicate? |
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Definition
| Obstructive lung disease (emphysema) |
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Term
| A low value of this volume in spirometry could indicate that not enough patient effort was performed. |
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Definition
| PEF (peak expiratory flow) |
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Term
| Why is the FEF25-75 considered "effort independent"? What could it indicate? |
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Definition
Because forced expiration has a limit due to the negative net value of intralveolar space due to increased interpulmonary pressure. Therefore, there is a maximal flow rate that cannot be passed, even with extreme effort.
Indicates small airway disease as in early smoking damage and non-serious asthma. |
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Term
| Pulmonary fibrosis could be initially caused in an individual by... |
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Definition
Rheumatoid arthritis
Lupus
CT diseases |
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Term
| What part of respiration is most affected by extrathoracic obstructions? What about intrathroacic obstructions? |
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Definition
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Term
What is a useful test in determining the state of diffusability in a person's lungs?
What signifies a positive (high resistance to diffusion) test? |
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Definition
Diffusing Capacity for Carbon Monoxide.
Positive if a large volume of CO is left in the collecting compartment after the 0.1% CO compartment is breathed in by the patient and allowed to equilibrate. |
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Term
What is an important test for diagnosing asthma?
How is this performed? |
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Definition
Bronchial provocation testing.
An irritant is introduced in 10X increments and FEV1 is measured. if 1000X dosage is reached and FEV1 has decreased by 20% (PC20), the patient may have asthma (or another similar obstructive lung disease) |
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Term
| What ratio can indicate the severity of a patent foramen ovale in a patient? What is the normal value of this ratio? |
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Definition
| The shunt equation Qs/Qt or (CcO2-CaO2)/(CcO2-CvO2) |
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Term
What ratio can be used to calculate the dead space in a patient?
What is the normal range for this ratio? |
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Definition
Boar equation for dead space:
Vd/VT=(PaCO2-PECO2)/PaCO2
Normal is about 0.25 to 0.33 |
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Term
| If a patient has an unusually low FEV25-75 but other values are pretty much normal, what could this indicate? |
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Definition
| Could indicate early smoking damage; small airways are being destroyed. |
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Term
| If a person's pulmonary test values show reversibility in response to a bronchodilator, what does this indicate? |
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Definition
| Could indicate asthma even if the original values may indicate COPD. |
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