Term
| Regulation of bronchial smooth muscle tone |
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Definition
via reciprocal relationship between cAMP and cGMP. increased of one means decreased of the other.
increase CAMP=relaxation
increased cGMP= bronchoconstriction |
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Term
| how does increased cAMP lead to bronchodilation |
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Definition
| increased by beta2-adrenoreceptors, decreased by alpha adrenergic stimulation |
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Term
| how does cGMP lead to bronchoconstriction |
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Definition
| cGMP is increased by muscarinic M3 receptor stim and by histaminergic H1 stim. |
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Term
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Definition
induce smooth muscle relaxation
beta 2 agonists
methylxanthine
cholinergic antagonists |
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Term
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Definition
relax airway smooth muscle
may modulate release from mast cells and TNF alpha.
stimulate mucus secretions
ex. Salbutamol, terbutaline, clenbuterol
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Term
| when should you use beta 2 agonists as bronchodilators |
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Definition
acute asthma
work within minutes
clenbuterol more for horses |
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Term
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Definition
reduce cAMP breakdown via PDE inhibition
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Term
| advantages of Methylxanthines |
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Definition
increased respiratory muscle strength, decreasing effort assoc with breathing-important in animals with chronic pulmonary disease
ex. caffeine, theobromine, theophylline |
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Term
| some risks of methylanxthines |
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Definition
| high risk of side effects such as tachycardia, agitation, cardiac arrythmia. |
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Term
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Definition
| atropine and ipratopium bromide not used therapeutically in small animals |
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Term
| how do glucocorticoids enhance bronchodilation? |
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Definition
| by the upregulation of beta 2 receptors |
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Term
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Definition
break down thick dry mucus
ex. Bromhexine, dembrexine- chronic bronchitis
reduce viscosity by increasing lysosomal breakdown of mucopolysacharide in the gland cell.
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
can act centrally or peripherally
brain or airway receptors
brain: narcotic opiates ( codeine, butoporphanol), non narcotic opiates ( diphenoxylate) |
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Term
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Definition
FQs
pradofloxacin-anti gram postive-bacterial bronchopneumonia
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Term
| Anti-pulmonary hypertension drugs |
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Definition
evident in IPF
can use combo of sildenafil ( viagra) and pimobendan
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