Inflammation of mucus membranes of pharynx

both viral and bacterial

bacteria

virus

trauma

smoking

alcohol

sore throat

dry throat

dysphagia

fever

may develop into epiglottitis

• high fever
• enlarged red tonsils with exudate and lymph node involvement
• abrupt onset
• rheumatic fever/ rheumatic heart disease and acute glomerulonephritis 3-5wks later

• Low grade fever
• less redness, less exudate, with lymph node involvement variable
• gradual onset (2-3 days contagious, duration 3-10 days)
• CBC normal, negative throat cultures

inspiratory stridor

respiratory distress

fever

sore throat

difficulty swallowing, drooling with mouth open

central cyanosis

anxiety

pallor

infection

overuse

exposure

GERD

intubation

"Croup"

Common viral infection in children, usually parainfluenza viruses and adenoviruses

larynx and surrounding area swell, leading to airway narrowing, obstruction, and respiratory failure

Seal-like barking cough

inspiratory stridor

hoarseness

dyspnea

nasal congestion

anxiety

cyanosis

viruses

bacteria

irritant inhalation

allergic reactions

smoking = primary indicator for chronic bronchitis

2 years of >3mo of symptoms

chronic bronchitis isn't bacterial or viral

common viral infection of the bronchioles, usually respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

more freq in children <1yr and during winter months

can lead to atelectasis and respiratory failure

viral infection that may affect the upper and lower respiratory track

highly adaptive virus

...it's the flu

most frequent type

a patchy pneumonia throughout several lobes

Occurs in the areas between the alveoli

routinely caused by viruses or by uncommon bacteria

developes more than 48 hours after a hospital admission

• Pseudomonas aeruginiosa
• staphylcoccus aureus
• immunocompromised susceptible to other "opportunistic" infections not often seen in general population

Streptococcus Pneumoniae

Hib in children

contracted from venting, spas, airway ducts

Pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila

thrives in warm, moist environments, particularly air conditioning systems and spas

not contagious, spread through aerosoled droplets

higher risk in the immune compromised

can be life threatening

• infection caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacillus
• contagious through airborne droplets-- person to person contact
• never viral

• impaired immune system-- cannot seal off bacilli
• live bacilli escape into the bronchi and are liquified
• disease remains active and spreads via blood and lymphatics

• poor nutritional status
• insulin-dependent DM
• LT corticosteroid therapy
• HIV/AIDs, anti-rejection drugs or other debilitating diseases

night sweats

anorexia/unexplained weight loss

productive cough

hemoptysis

fever, chills, fatigue

occlusion of a portion of the pulmonary vascular bed by an embolus

90% are clots from the lower extremity

caused by diseases of the respiratory system which cause hypoxemia and are characterized by:

pulmonary arteriolar vasoconstriction

arterial remodeling

results in Cor Pulmonale