Term
| What area typical has no normal flora? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the normal flora of the respiratory tract? |
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Definition
- Staph
- Corynebacterium
- Moraxella
- Haemophilus
- Bacteroides
- Strep |
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Term
| What is Streptococcal Pharyngitis? |
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Definition
Attach by Strep pyogenes, a gram(+) cocci that is Group A beta-hemolytic.
Generally - Strep Throat --> Untreated leads to Rheumatic/Scarlet fever
**Virulence: Protein F for attachment, M inhibits opsonization, G binds IgG |
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Term
| How does Strep Throat spread? |
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Definition
| Respiratory droplets in grade school children - Tx w/ penicillin or erythromycin |
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Term
| How does Diptheria become toxic? |
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Definition
Lysogenic conversion - toxin only produced in the presence of LOW iron.
**Corynebacterium, a gram(+) that produces exotoxin |
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Term
| What is Diphtheria toxin? |
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Definition
An exotoxin breaks down into A and B chains:
A - active subunit that inhibits protein synthesis, cAMP always on
B - enters host through endocytosis
RESULT: loss of electrolytes and mucous buildup |
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Term
| What is the source of Diphtheria? |
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Definition
humans - can live in skin ulcers as cutaneous diphtheria
**Immunization and tx with penicillin/erythromycin |
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Term
| What 2 agents cause pink eye, Sinusitis, and otitis media? |
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Definition
- Haemophilus influenzae, gram(-)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae, gram(+)
**Less otitis media and pink eye in adults. DO NOT USE DECONGESTANTS IN SINUSITIS |
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Term
| What is Pneumococcal pneumoniae? |
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Definition
pneumonia, breathing becomes shallow and hypoxic.
**Caused by Strep pneumoniae, a gram(+) encapsulated cocci. Can enter blood and become septic |
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Term
| How do pneumococcal infections occur? |
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Definition
Carriers who lose mucociliary escalator function are infected when cocci pass into lungs from throat
**Vaccine against 23 types, Tx with penicillin and erythromycin |
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Term
| What is Klebsiella pneumonia? |
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Definition
More life-threatening than pneumococcal
**Klebsiella pneumoniae, a gram(-) encapsulated bacilli that also lives in the throat |
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Term
| What is Mycoplasmal pneumonia? |
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Definition
"Walking pneumonia" caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, which has no cell wall.
**Cannot use penicillins!! Tetracyclines and erythromycin |
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Term
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Definition
| "Whooping cough" caused by Bordatella pertussis, a gram(-) encapsulated bacilli |
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Term
| What toxins are produced by pertussis? |
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Definition
Pertussis toxin - An A-B toxin
- A - enters cell, turns on cAMP causing loss of electrolytes and increased mucous
- B - attaches to cell
**Tx with erythromycin |
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Term
| What is Legionnaire's disease? |
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Definition
Fever, respiratory Sx, GI Sx. Caused by Legionella pneumophila, a gram(-) proteobacteria from aerosol contaminated water
- Adequate filtering of air eliminates disease. Lives in macrophage
- Beta lactamase rules out penicillins, Tx with erythromycin, rifampin |
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Term
| What are the causative agents of respiratory infections? |
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Definition
- Strep throat - Streptococcus pyogenes, gram(+)
- Diphtheria - Corynebacterium, gram(+)
- Pink eye/Sinusistis/Otitis media - Haemophilus influenzae, gram(-) and Streptococcus pneumoniae, gram(+)
- Pneumcococcal pneumonia - Streptococcus pneumoniae, gram(+)
- Klebsiella pneumonia - Klebsiella pneumoniae, gram(-)
- Mycoplasmal pneumonia - Mycoplasma pneumoniae, no cell wall
- Pertussis - Bordatella pertussis, gram(-)
- Legionnaire's - Legionella pneumophila, gram(-) |
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