Term
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Definition
Diseases: - EMOP
- Epiglottitis
- Meningitis
- Otitis media
- Pneumonia
Characteristics: - small gram-negative cocoobacillary rods
- Requires factors V and X
- Type b is most severe
Habitat and Transmission: upper respiratory tract. Transmission via respiratory droplets Pathogenesis: - capsule determines virulence
- IgA pretase
- Meningtitis occurs most in kids < 2yrs due to waning of maternnal antibody
Lab Dx: - Gram-negative
- growth requires both factors V and X on chocolate agar
Tx: Ceftriaxone Prevention: vaccine conjugated to diphtheria toxoid
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Term
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Definition
Diseases: Whooping cough Characteristics: Habitat and Transmission: respiratory tract. Transmitted through coughing Pathogenesis: - Pertussis toxin + adenylate cyclase
- Inhibits chemokine receptors → leukocytosis
- tracheal cytotoxin damages ciliated epithelium
Clinical Features: - Whooping cough
- severe paroxysmal cough for 1-4 wks
- inspiratory "whoop"
- lots of mucus produced
- leukocytosis
- occurs primarily in young children
Lab Dx: - Gram-stained negative
- culture on Bordet-Gengou agar
Tx: erythromycin Prevention: acellular vaccine with pertussis toxoid. given as DTaP.
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Term
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Definition
Diseases: "atypical"pneumonia - Legionnaires' disease Characteristics: - Gram-negative rods, poorly stained
- Require increased iron and cysteine for growth
Habitat and Transmission: Environmental water sources. Transmission via aerosolf water. No person to person transmission. Pathogenesis: - Endotoxin
- Predisposing factors
- >55 yrs, smoker, drinker, immunosuppressed
- Intracellular organism
Clinical Features: - Vary from mild infleunzalike illness to severe pneumonia
- Hyponatremia
Lab Dx: - Requires iron and cysteine to grow
- Urinary antigen provides rapid Dx
- Rise in Ab titer
- Poor Gram Stain
Tx: Azithromycin or erythromycin
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Term
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Definition
Diseases: Wound infection, UTI, pneumonia and sepsis Characteristics: - Aerobic gram-negative rods
- Lactose Negative
- Pyocyanin (blue-green) pigmant produced
- Oxidase-positive (different from Enterobacteriaceae)
- Fruity odor
Habitat and Transmission: Environmental water sources. Inhabits respiratory tract and colon. Transmission via water aerosols, aspiration, and fecal contamination. Pathogenesis: - Endotoxin - fever and shock
- Exotoxin A - acts like diphtheria toxin
- Pili and capsule
- Burns and neutropenia are important predisposing factors
Clinical Features: - Infection pretty much anywhere, but UTI, pneumonia and wound infections are most common
- Skin - black necrotic lesion called ecthyma gangrenosum
- Swimmer's ear
- Folliculitis (hot tub users)
- osteomyelitis (shoe punctures)
- PSEUDO -
- Pneumonia
- Sepsis
- External Otitis (swimmer's ear)
- UTI
- Drug use and Diabetic Osteomyelitis
Lab Dx: - Gram-stain negative and culture
- Lactose Negative
- Oxidase positive
- blue-green pyocyanin
Treatment: Antipseudomonal penicillin and aminoglycoside Prevention: Disinfection or water-related equipment. Hand washing.
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