Term
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Definition
| increase the number and sensitivity of beta2 andrenergic receptors, which restores or increases the effectiveness of beta2-andrenergic bronchodilators. Considered most consistently effective long term control medications for asthma. It is often given w3ith another anti-inflammatory drug such as a leukotriene modifier or a mast cell stabilizer. |
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Term
| Beclomethasone (Beconase AQ) |
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Definition
| Inhaled corticosteroid. Topical administration minimizes systemic absorption and adverse effects. Minimizes systemic absorption and adverse effects. Increases b2 receptors. Also treat allergic rhinitis. Maintenance Drug |
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Term
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Definition
| Strong chemical mediators of broncho-constriction and inflammation, the major pathologic features of asthma. They can cause sustained constriction of bronchioles and immediate hypersensitivity reactions. They increase mucuse secretions and mucosal edema in respiratory tract. |
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Term
| Leukotriene modifier Drugs |
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Definition
| counteract the effects of leukotrienes and are indicated for long-term treatment of asthma in adults and children. They prevent NOT relieve acute asthma attacks. Side affects: Headaches, nausea, diarrhea, and infection. |
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Term
| Inadequate oxygenation = (equals) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Process of gas exchange between lung and blood. O2 is obtained and CO2 is eliminated. |
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Term
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Definition
| Leukotriene receptor antagonists. Improve symptoms and pulmonary function test (PFTs), decreased nightime symptoms, and decrease the use of beta2 agonist drugs. Less effective than low doses of inhaled corticosteroids. Prevents LTs from acting on target tissues. maintenance drug |
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Term
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Definition
| A bronchodilator that maybe injected subcataneously in an acute attack of bronchoconstriction, with therapeutic rescue effects. Available without a prescription in aresole form. |
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Term
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Definition
| Adrenergic agonists used for prevention and treatment of broncho-constriction. First Choice to relieve acute asthma. Taken by inhalation. Selectively on beta2 receptors and cause less cardiac stimulation than epinephrine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Long-acting beta2-adrenergic agonist used for prophylaxis of acute bronchoconstriction. NOT effective in acute attacks. INITIATING IT IN INDIVIDUALS WITH WORSENING OR ACUTELY DETERIORATING ASTHMA MAY BE LIFE-THREATENING. |
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Term
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Definition
| An Anticholinergic bronchodilator most useful in the long-term management of COPD: taken by inhalation for maintenance therapy of bronchoconstriction associated with bronchitis and emphysema. Synergistic with adrenergic bronchodilators. May also be used to treat rhinorrhea. Poorly absorbed. CAUTION: in patients with narrow-angle glaucoma and prostatic hypertrophy. Advers EFFECTS: cough, nervousness, nausea, gastrointestinal upset, headache, and dizziness. |
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Term
| What are the two main types of drugs used to treat asthma? |
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Definition
| Bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs |
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Term
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Definition
| Adrenergics and Anticholinergics |
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Term
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Definition
| stimulate beta2-adrenergic receptors in the smooth muscle of bronchi and bronchioles. stimulate enzymes to produce bronchodilation. ADVERSE EFFECTS: Cardiac stimulation. contraindicated in patiens with cardiac tachydysrhythmias and severe coronary artery disease; hypertension, hyperthyroidism, diabetes, and seizure disorders. |
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Term
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Definition
| block the action of acetylcholine in bronchial smooth muscle when given by inhalation. |
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Term
| T or F: Two major groups of drugs used to treat asthma and COPD are bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory medications. |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: In acute, severe asthma, a topical corticosteroid (in relatively high doses) is indicated for a patient whose respiratory distress is not relieved by an inhaled beta2 agonist |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the drug of choice for acute bronchispasms? |
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Definition
| Selective, short acting adrenergic agonist. |
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Term
| What are some ways to recognize Bronchodilator overdose? |
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Definition
| Excessive cardiac stimulation and Excessive CNS stimulation |
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Term
| T or F: Histamine is the first chemical mediator released during inflammatory response. |
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Definition
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Term
| Diphenhydraine (Benagryl) |
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Definition
| Hypersensitivity reactions (allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, dermatitis) Motion sickness Parkinsonism, Insomnia, and Antitussive (syrup only) |
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Term
| What it the first line drug to treat a serious asthma attack? |
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Definition
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Term
| Dexchlorpheniramine (Benylin) |
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Definition
| Used for hypersensitivity reactions (allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, dermatitis) FIRST GEN Antihistamine |
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Term
| FIRST GENERATION ANTIHISTAMINE |
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Definition
| Bind to both central an dperipheral H1 receptors and can cause CNS depression or stimulation. Anticholinergic effects. Drowsiness. Well absorbed, oral admin. Metabolized by liver |
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Term
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Definition
| Dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation, and blurred vision |
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Term
| SECOND GENERATION ANTIHISTAMINE |
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Definition
| H1 antagonist developed to produce less sedation and less CNS depression because they are selective for peripheral H1 receptors and do not cross the blood-brain barrier. |
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Term
| T/F Histamine is the first chemical mediator released during inflammatory response. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F The common cold is caused by many types of bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the contraindications of using nasal decongestants? |
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Definition
| Severe HTN, CAD, narrow-angle glaucoma, antidepressants. Used with caution in cardiac dysrhythmias, hyperthyroidism, DM, prostatic hypertrophy, glaucoma |
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Term
| T/F Sypathomimetic drugs are used to relieve nasal obstruction and discharge. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Suppress dry, hacking, non productive cough. Includes throat lozenges and cough drops. |
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Term
| What type of antihistamine should be used for older adults? |
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Definition
| Second-generation because they do not cause CNS depression and drowsiness. |
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Term
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Definition
| administered by inhalation to liquefy mucus in the respiratory tract. |
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Term
| What are the only two drugs recommended for mucolytics? |
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Definition
| Sodium solution and acetylcysteine (mucomyst) |
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Term
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Definition
| is a commonly used nasal spray used for Nasal decongestants and to relieve nasal obstruction and discharge. Adrenergic. Rebound swelling can occur with excessive or extended use. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a commonly used oral medication for Nasal decongestants and to relieve nasal obstruction and discharge. Adrenergic. |
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Term
| What are the contraindications for using Nasal Decongestants? |
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Definition
| in patients with severe hypertension or coronary artery disease because of their cardiac stimulation and vasoconstricting effects. Also in patients wtaking tricyclic or monoamine oxidase inhibitor antidepressants. Must be used with caution in the presence of cardiac dysrthmias, hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus, glaucoma, and prostatic hypertrophy |
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Term
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Definition
| is the most commonly used expectorant, because drug reduces the viscosity of tenacious secretions by increasing respiratory tract fluid. Given orally to liquefy respiratory secretions and allow for their easier removal. |
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