bacterial in origin,

- developing as a result of unsuccesful treatment of incomplete recovery from earlier pneumonia episodes. 

- flare up of infection from a chronic septic focus 

Chronic Suppurative pulmonary disease ( bronchiectasis) 

Clinical signs

- dull

- chronic weight loss

- 39-39.5 

- reduced milk yield

- increased resp rate ( 40bpm)

- abdominal respiratory component and moist productive cough

- may have purulent discharge

- crackles may be evident- antero-ventral chest 

Chronic Suppurative pulmonary disease ( bronchiectasis) 

Diagnosis

hard in adult cattle, as signs ar vague

- serum protein profile for bacteria present, but not specific to lung disease

- Ultrasound exam of both lungs

DDX. 

PVCT, endocarditis, liver abscesses, TB

Chronic Suppurative pulmonary disease ( bronchiectasis) 

Treatment

Main bacteria is T. pyogenes

procaine penicillin, injected daily for 6 weeks

success rate approx. 50%, 

poorer prognosis when sonographic changes extend >35cm dorsally ( measuring both side of the chest) 

Atypical interstitial pneumonia of cattle/ acute bovine pulmonary emphysema

- sudden onset, severe respiratory distress in adult beef suckler cows 1-2 weeks after moving on to a lush silage/hay aftermath in July/August. 

- circumstantial evidence links the disease with the ingestion of large amounts of the amino L-tryptophan and its conversion in the rumen to 3 methyl indole and indole acetic acid. 

- sudden onset, severe distress

- expiratory grunt

- neck extended, reluctant to move

- animal mouth breathes

- cyanotic MM

- frothy saliva around the protruding tongue

- rapid pulse

- less severe animals improve over a 10-14 day period

- subcut emphysema over thorax and along the back . 

- No effective Treatment 

extrinsic allergic bronchio-alveolitis which develops in housed adults cattle following repeated exposure to mouldy hay containing spores derived from Micropolyspora faeni and thermoactinomyces vulgaris. 

- now rare , improvements in housing. 

sudden onset of severe dyspnoea, mouth breathing

- frequent coughing, production of thick mucous

- alert, reduce milk yield 

- the respiratory rate is increased with loud crackles, antero-ventrally due to the presence of tenacious mucus in airways

corticosteroids but not in the last 5 mo. of pregnancy

- avoid mouldy hay

- chronic weight loss, pyrexia, multiple joint effusions

- cows/ewes 2-4 mo. after parturition where the uterus is one potential source of infection

- reduced milk yield, poorer BC

- higher rectal temperature

- obvious hock effusion, carpal

- spend alot of time in sternal recumbency and adopt an arched back appearance, shifting weight

- may be jugular distension and marked pulse

vegetative endocarditis 

DDX. 

bacterial polyarthritis- in lambs but are uncommon in adult sheep. 

arched back and painful- pleurisy, traumatic reticulitis

procaine penicillin at 44,000 iu/kg daily for 10 days. 

joint effusion reduction- dexamethasone injection but condition deteriorates after 2-5 days

try to treat bacterial infections when spotted, but hard as some not overtly evident. 

- reported in well grown 2,3 year old holstein cattle where there is a genetic component 

- BAR with a normal appetite until the agonal stages

- marked peripheral oedema, jugular distension, ascites and pleural effusion which develops over several months. 

- muffled heart sounds due to pleural/pericardial effusions 

Dilated ( Holstein) Cardiomyopathy DCM

DDx. 

right sided heart failure due to lung path or mediastinal mass such as an abscess or thymic lymphosarcoma

Dilated ( Holstein) Cardiomyopathy DCM

Treatment

no treatment for DCM

affected cattle should be euthanised for welfare reasons. 

necropsy reveals enlargement of the heart with a rounded globose shape. 

inform breeding companies if a cluster of cases sired by the same bull.