IMMEDIATE ENERGY SOURCE

AEROBIC RESPIRATION

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

Takes place in the absense of oxygen 

Makes lactic acid in animals

Ethanol in plants

Aerobic respiration

GYCOLYSIS

6 carbons splits into two molecules of triose phosphate

2 ATP used for activation energy

Makes phosphorylated glucose which splits to make triose phosphate

This is converted into pyruvate, 2 ATP produced. One ADP needs Pi the other uses the phosphate from triose phosphate.

TP is oxidised, (loses H which combines with NAD to form reduced NAD) 

YIELD OF ATP IN GLYCOLISIS

Uses 2 ATP, forms 4 ATP 

Net production is 2 ATP

WHAT DOES GLYCOLYSIS MAKE?

WHERE IS THE NEXT PART OF RESPIRATION TAKEN PLACE? 

MATRIX

Site of krebs cycle and link reaction 

Also starting point of the pyruvate from glycolysis

LINK REACTION 

Pyruvate is oxidised into acetyl CoA

This uses Coenzyme A. H ions are lost and so reduce NAD to make reduced NAD. 

1 CO₂ is given off as waste product

Leads on to Kreb's cycle

KREBS CYCLE

Acetyl CoA converted into 6 carbon molecule

2CO₂ produced and 3 Reduced NAD and 2 reduced FAD 

ATP also produced using ADP and Pi

For every molecule of glucose, 2 pyruvate produced, each pyruvate makes 3CO₂ so glucose makes 6CO₂ 

NET PRODUCTION OF LINK REACTION AND KREB'S CYCLE

8 reduced NAD

2 reduced FAD 

2 ATP

6 CO₂ 

WHERE DOES GLYCOLYSIS TAKE PLACE?

GLYCOLYSIS, LINK REACTION AND KREBS CYCLE NET PRODUCTION

4 ATP (2 used) 

10 reduced NAD

2 reduced FAD

OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION

Takes place in the cristae

Reuced NAD and FAD are oxidised. Electrons reduce  carrier A. Carrier A is oxidised and electrons reduce B. B is oxidised and electrons reduce C. C is oxidised and electrons combine with oxygen. 

CHEMIOSMOTIC THEORY

Protons build up in inner membrane space. 

They have a charge so can't diffuse out of the membrane

Protons pass down ion channel.

At head of ion channel there is ATP synthesase which combines ADP and Pi to form ATP. The H ions that pass through reduce the oxygen to make H₂O as waste product. 

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

Pyruvate converted into lactic acid

Because oxygen debt has occured

Oxygen atoms from reduced NAD taken up to leave NAD

This NAD can now take up the new hydrogen produced from glycolysis.

This creates lactic acid which causes cramp but this respiration gives quick bursts of energy

Lactic acid can be oxidised back to pyruvate when oxygen is avaliable

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION IN PLANTS

Pyruvate is converted into ethanal and CO₂ Is given off. Ethanal takes up H from reduced NAD and is converted into ethanol. NAD can now take up more H from glycolysis. 

This process can't be reversed 

WHAT SORT OF PHOSPHORYLATION IS IN GLYCOLYSIS AND KREB'S CYCLE? 

THE AMOUNT OF ATP PRODUCED IN ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION