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| Internal validity is also referred to as causal validity. |
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| When the findings of a study accurately represent empirical reality, the results are said to be valid. |
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| Exploratory research is designed to identify causes and effects. |
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| When a measure measures what we think it does, it has external validity. |
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| Overgeneralizations occur when people conclude that what is true for some cases is true for all cases. |
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| Illogical reasoning occurs when people conclude that what is true for one cases is true for all cases. |
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| Cross-population validity determines whether the findings based on a sample can be generalized to a different population than the one from which it was drawn. |
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