Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Research Method Test2
ch. 4 5 14
75
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
03/04/2009

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Testing an elderly colleague to compare pz the amnesiac
Definition
deviant case analysis
Term
T or F:
Reactivity to surveys is eliminated by obtaining a random sample
Definition
false (see page 97
Term
ethology is a refined form of
Definition
naturalistic observations
Term
T or F:
The primary problem unique to descriptive research is that it does not permit the assessment of relations among events
Definition
true
Term
Naturalistic observations is
Definition
systematic collection of data in the typical setting
Term
Descriptive research
Definition
necessary first step in understanding
doesn't allow assessment of relations among events
Term
Descriptive observations
Definition
what behaviors occur, quantity and frequency
Term
components of naturalistic observations
Definition
Setting boundaries
diesnged to answer specific questions rather than categorize
Very clear categories, exclusive, unambiguous
Term
Inter-rater reliability/inter-observer reliability
Definition
Do researchers see the same thing
Term
Disadvantages of case studies
Definition
no firm inferences about what causes what, just describe course of events
tentative conclusions
Term
Deviant-case analysis
Definition
cases bear similarities, but different outcomes
Term
Survey research
Definition
large samples, random sample
note your sample
Term
advantages of descriptive observations
Definition
great in early stages of research for breadth and range
defining the problem
raises interesting questions for a more controlled study
inexpensive
convient
easy to do
Term
reactivity in descriptive research
Definition
subject (participant) roles: perceived role
Term
reactivity
Definition
observations that are influenced by (or reaction to ) the detected presence of the investigator
Term
reactivity and naturalistic observation
Definition
unobstrusive observations
particicpant observations
unobstrusive measures
Term
unobstrusive observations
Definition
Camera with a special sideways lens:increases chances of natural behavior
will reveal natural behavior if unaware they are ebign observed
Term
unobstrusive measures
Definition
indirect observation of the behavior, studying the behavior.
ex post facto
Term
reactivity and case studies
Definition
retrospective data (people forget)
motivated forgetting
Term
motivated forgetting
Definition
the reconstruction of a memory to match current beliefs
Term
reactivity in surveys
Definition
response acquiescene
response deviation
social desirability
volunteer problem (better and greater need for social approcal, limits generalizability)
Term
solving the non-respondent problem?
Definition
random sample!
Give non-respondents incentive to respond, but this may influence the outcome
replicate research with additional samples of respondents
Term
When our observations vary significantly from what the theory would predict, we...
Definition
modify or abandon theoretical concepts
Term
ethology
Definition
the study of naturally occuring behavior
Term
relational research
Definition
how two or more variables/observations are related to each other
no manipulation
ex post facto
Term
contingency table
Definition
a table of data points
relational research design where frequencies of the combination of two variables are assesed for relationship
Term
Chi square test
Definition
A test that is often used to determine the statistical significance of the relationship between variables in a contingency table
data dependent means they are related
Term
reactivity problem in ex post facto and Chi test
Definition
participant reactivity of unkown magnitude and unkown source
Term
correlational research
Definition
determine the direction and degree of the relationship
Term
Magnitude
Definition
the degree of the relationships aka the number
Term
direction
Definition
the sign of the correlation
Term
requirement for correlation
Definition
must be a linear relationship
Term
visual representations of data
Definition
scatter-diagrams
Term
low correlations don't mean... only...
Definition
don't mean a relationship is absent, but assumpts of the particular coefficient employed have not been met
Term
What is a part of correlational research and what does it do?
Definition
Confounding and that leads to interpretation difficulties
Term
Interpreting Low correlations coefficients
Definition
lack of heterogeneity (small variations in data)
truncated range
the assumptions of a certain correlation coefficient must be met
Term
reactivity in correlational research
Definition
participants try to figure the study out and make themselves look good
Term
Regression
Definition
Use of correlation coefficients to predict one variable given another
Term
Multiple regression
Definition
several variables which is correlated with a target IV to be predicted
Term
covariates
Definition
variables that covary with a tagret in statistical analysis, such as regression, that are accounted for in the analysis of target
Term
Experiments lead to...why?
Definition
causal inferences
because IV is manipulated while everything else is held constant
Term
Experiments let us know what? Correlations?
Definition
Experiments let us know direction of relation
correlations show a relation, but not the direction
the causal factor is somewhere in the experiments IV
Term
immediate causes of an event
Definition
proximate causes
Term
supposed to stop the infinite regress of why and because
Definition
ultimate causes
Term
cover page
Definition
title of project
authors
institution or business
running head
Term
abstract
Definition
uses the heading
no indentation
abbreviated title on top right hand corner(short title)
contain IV and DV
120 words
written last
Term
Introduction
Definition
use the title of your paper, not intro heading
why interested
what others have found
variables to be studied
predictions from relevant research
avoid tangential issues
Term
method
Definition
center and use the word method
how you examined the variables
side headings are italicized
Term
results
Definition
do not include figures and tables, there are the end of the report
results is
make a statement and support with statistics
end witha summary of the purpose of the experiment and the results
Term
references
Definition
begin on sperate page
use a
Term
what do you use instead of subjects?
Definition
participants
Term
subsections of method
Definition
participants, appratus, procedure
Term
tables
Definition
each on a separate page after references
numbered consecutively
short but descriptive titles for tables
Term
figure captians
Definition
after tables
numbered consecutively
Term
figures
Definition
after figure captions
one per page
name/short title and the number of the figure on the back of the page
Term
participants
Definition
how you got participants
number of participants
population drawn from
Term
discussion
Definition
what effects of the variables mean for the issue at hand
organized
state conclusions, not grandiose
identitfy purpose
centered
Term
Pronouns
Definition
can be ambigous
whis this that these those
Term
singular forms of... data
criteria
phenomena
Definition
datum
criterion
phenomenon
Term
ethnogram
Definition
inventory of behaviors
Term
ecological function
Definition
the role that various behaviors play in adapting to the environment and the function it serves
Term
response style
Definition
habitual way of responding
Term
in case studies when soemone has to report something in the past, motivated forgetting in play
Definition
retrospective
Term
The extent to which a research setting matches the environment of the problem under investigation; a threat to the external validity of experiments
Definition
Ecological validity
Term
Those cues available to participants in an experiment that may enable them to determine the purpose of the experiment or what is expected by the experimenter
Definition
Demand characteristics
Term
normative social influence
Definition
getting people to change behavior so people will do it because other people do it
Term
the role of behaviors in adapting an organism to the environment
Definition
egological function
Term
Tests in which the participant must select between two or more statements; often used to control response styles
Definition
forced choice tests
Term
An observation procedure in which the observer participates with those being observed
Definition
participant observation
Term
Habitual ways of responding on a test that are independent of the particular test item;
Definition
response styles
Term
How a participant reacts in an experiment
Definition
subject roles
Term
Measures taken from the results of behavior, not the behavior itself
Definition
Unobtrusive measures
Term
Observations not resulting in reactivity
Definition
unobstrusive observations
Term
Correlation coefficient
Definition
A number that can vary from -1.00 to +1.00
indicates the degree of relation between two variables
Term
The preprint version of a research report; that is, it is a manuscript that has not yet been printed in a technical journal
Definition
copy manuscript
Supporting users have an ad free experience!