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| Focuses on the end results of patient care. The findings of these studies continue o have a powerful impact on the provision of health care and the development of health policy. |
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Helps explain he elements of quality health care. Used by Donabedian's Theory of Quality Health Care. |
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| A norm by which quality of care is judged. Defined by clinical guidelines, critical paths, and care maps. |
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| Elements of organization and administration that guide the processes of care. Examples of such are: leadership, tolerance of innovativeness, organized hierarchy, decision making process, distribution of power, financial management, and admin decision making proceses. |
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An acceptable research methodology for outcomes studies. |
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| A result of the way in which cases are selected for inclusion in the database |
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| Emerges from problems related to the operational definition of concepts. |
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| Usually performed by multidisciplinary group representin a variety of constituencies. |
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| Practice pattern profiling |
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| An epidemiology technique that focuses on patterns of care, rather than on individual occurences of care. |
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| An epidemiology study in which a group of people are identified who are at risk for experiencing a particular event. |
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| Retrospective cohort study |
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Definition
An epidemiology study in which a group of people are identified who have experienced a particular event. |
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| Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR) |
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| A measure of the relative risk for the persons in the studied group to die of a particular condition. |
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| Type of Study: Conditions studied in the context of the community, rather than of the medical system to avoid selection bias. All cases of a condition are included rather than just those treated at a particular health care facility. |
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Clinical decision analysis |
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| A systematic method of describing clinical problems, identifying posible diagnostic and management courses of action, assessing the probability and value of various outcomes, and then calculating the optimal course of action. |
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Definition
| Have the following characteristics: 1. multiple health disciplines involved in care of same pt's. 2. encompass a diversity of dissimilar knowledge and skills needed by pt's. 3. plane of care reflects intregrated set of goals shared by care providers. 4 team members share info and coordinate their services through communication process. |
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| Used to examine variations in health status, health services, patterns of care, or patterns of use by geographical area and sometimes are referred to as small area analyses. |
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| the least-cost method of achieving a desired end with the maximum benefit to be obtained from available resources |
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| Cost-effictiveness analysis |
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| Used to determine the efficiency of a treatment. Uses a single measure of outcomes, and all other factors are expressed in monetary terms as net cost per unit of output. Compares different ways of accomplishing a clinical goarl, such as diagnosing a condition, treating an illness, or providing a service. |
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| A measure of the actual use of resources, rather than the price charged. Is usually less than price. |
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| those expenses incurred by the patient or family members or bother, that are not reimbursable by the insuance company. |
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| lost opportunities that the patient, family member, or others experience. |
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| Intermediate and end points |
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| events or markers that act as precursors to the final outcome. |
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| used to track individual and group variance from a specific critical pathway. goal is to decrease preventable variance process, thus helping patients and families achieve optimal outcome |
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used in epidemiology to study how environmental factors (aggregate leve characteristics) and individual attributes and behaviors (individual level characteristics) interact to influence individual level health behaviors and disease risks. |
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