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Reproductive System
Reproductive System
31
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
05/15/2010

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Term
The male produces sex cells called _________________ in the _________, and delivers the sperm to the female reproductive tract in order to fertilize the product of the __________, __________.
Definition
spermatazoa [sperm]; testes; ovaries; ova [eggs]
Term
Testes and ovaries are generically called _________ which produce sex hormones for secondary sex characteristics and basic sexual behavior.
Definition
gonads
Term
What are the accessory reproductive structures in the male reproductive system that either protect the sperm or aid the delivery of the sperm to the female tract?
Definition
scrotum, ducts, glands, and penis
Term
The __________ lie in the saclike __________ outside the pelvic cavity.
Definition
testes; scrotum
Term
Why is the scrotum important?
Definition
Viable sperm cannot be produced at the internal body temperature of 37 degrees Celsius (98.6 degrees Fahrenheit). The scrotum keeps the temperature about 3 degrees Celsius lower [93.2 degrees Fahrenheit] than the internal body temperature.
Term
At cold temperatures, the __________ muscle, a smooth muscle layer in the epidermis of the scrotum, contracts to cause wrinkling of the scrotal skin when pulled closer to the warmth of the body.
Definition
dartos muscle
Term
The __________ muscles, bands of skeletal muscle that connects the testes to the abdominal fascia, elevate the testes when the testes are either exposed to cold temperatures.
Definition
cremaster
Term
Each testis is covered by a dense irregular connective tissue, the ________________ which divides each testis into 200-300 wedge-shaped lobules.
Definition
tunica albuginea
Term
Each lobule divided by the tunica albuginea has 1-3 tightly coiled _______________ where ________________ occurs.
Definition
Seminiferous tubules; spermatogenesis [meiosis]
Term
The hormone, ___________________, starts the sperm production that takes about 65 days.
Definition
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Term
Spermatogenesis begins with cells on the periphery of the ____________________. FSH initiates the cell divisions that will create __________ (how many?) spermatids, each having ____(#) chromosomes, half of the ____(#)found in a somatic cell.
Definition
seminiferous tubule; 4; 23; 46
Term
Each spermatid develops with the aid of a _____________ cell which nourishes them.
Definition
sustentacular cell
Term
Sustenacular cells secrete __________, a hormone that __________ FSH. (i.e., negative feedback loop)
Definition
inhibin; inhibits
Term
The head of the sperm contains the nucleus with genetic material and an ________, a covering that contains digestive enzymes.
Definition
acrosome
Term
The midpiece of the sperm contains ____________ to make ATP for sperm locomotion.
Definition
mitochondria
Term
The tail is a ___________ for locomotion.
Definition
flagellum
Term
Once ejaculated into the female reproductive tract, sperm can live for about ______ hours.
Definition
48 hours
Term
Between seminiferous tubules are _______________.
Definition
interstitial cells (endocrine cells)
Term
The hormone, ________________, secreted by the anterior pituitary stimulates the interstitial cells to produce the male sex hormones, the ____________.
Definition
Leutenizing hormone (LH); androgens (primarily testosterone)
Term
Immature sperm enter the ___________ for 10 to 14 days until they are both motile and capable of fertilizing an ovum. This process is ______________.
Definition
epididymis; spermiogenesis
Term
Spermatazoa can be stored in the __________ for at least a month. If they are not ejaculated they _____________ and are ___________.
Definition
epididymis; degenerate and are absorbed
Term
During sexual stimulation and ejaculating, smooth muscle in the walls of each epididymis contracts rhythmically, propelling sperm into each _______________.
Definition
ductus (vas) deferens
Term
Sperm from the epididymis passing through the ductus deferens joins the duct of the _______________ to form the _________________.
Definition
seminal vesicle; ejaculatory duct
Term
The ejaculatory ducts from each side eject sperm into the _____________ to merge with the urethra.
Definition
prostate gland
Term
The urethra, 6-8 inches long, passes from the urinary bladder through the prostate gland (____________), through the urogenital diaphragm (____________) and then through the penis (____________).
Definition
prostatic urethral; membranous urethra; penile urethra
Term
During ejaculation, the ___________________ closes, preventing any urine flow.
Definition
internal urethral sphincter
Term
The ductus deferens is part of the ____________, which includes autonomic nerves, lymphatic veins, testicular artery and veins, _______________.
Definition
spermatic cord; pampiniform plexus
Term
Seminal vescicles produce about 60% of the ______________, the liquid portion of semen.
Definition
seminal fluid
Term
The seminal fluid has _______________ for the sperm's ATP energy production.
Definition
fructose sugars
Term
What other functions does the seminal fluid serve?
Definition
It's slightly alkaline to help neutralize the acidic pH of the male's urethra and the female's vagina, and has enzymes to activate sperm motility and an antibiotic that kills bacteria in the reproductive tracts.
Term
The prostate gland is a single gland about the size of a walnut that secretes up to 30% of the seminal fluid adding ____________ and _____________.
Definition
nutrients and enzymes
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