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Details Title: Reproductive Physiology Description: Test 2 Total Flash Cards: 57 Created: 10/22/2007 19:20:15	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term Hormones of Pregnancy Definition progesterone estrogen oxytocin growth hormone PMSG Thyroid Hormone Prolactin Term Effects of Progesterone on Pregnancy Definition main hormone of fetus,maintains fetus, affects growth of reproductive system in fetus Term Effects of Estrogen on Pregnancy Definition produced by placents, affects growth of reproductive system in fetus Term Effects of Growth Hormone during Pregnancy Definition affects growth of fetus Term Effects of PMSG on Pregnancy Definition causes ovulation and maintenance of corpus luteum Term Effects of Thyroid Hormone on Pregnancy Definition affects repiration rate of fetus Term The Growth Stages of Baby Definition Ovum 1-12 days Embryonic period 10-35 days Fetal period 35 days-partution Term Fetal Membrane Layers Definition Chorion - outside Allantois - middle Amnion - inner Term Layers of Placenta Definition Zonary Diffuse Cotyledonary Term Endometrial Cups Definition In mare, formed when chorion attaches to caruncles *mare will still think that she is pregnant if she aborts at this point* Term Purpose of the Placenta Definition exchange of 02, CO2, nutrients, and blood.  Done by the Umbilical cord Term Umbilical Artery Definition carries non-oxygenated blood back to mom from fetus Term Umbilical Vein Definition carries oxygenated blood to fetus from mom Term Foramen Ovale Definition hole inbetween right atreum and left atreum (closes at birth) Term Fossa Ovalis Definition what the foramen ovale is called when it is plugged at birth Term Ductos Arteriosus Definition part on pulmonary artery that takes blood to aorta in case some blood escapes the foramen ovale Term Aorta Definition takes oxygenated blood away from heart Term Pulmonary artery Definition takes un-oxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs Term Ligamentum arteriosus Definition what ductos arteriosus becomes when it closes at birh Term endometrius Definition inflammation of lining of uterus, can cause abortion Term Trigger mechanism for partuition Definition cortisol Term Effects of Cortisol Definition released by fetus; released during periods of stress Term What is the only hormone that decreases at the time of partuition? Definition progerterone Term Hormonal Changes at Partuition Definition Estrogen ↑ Progesterone ↓ Oxytocin ↑ Prostaglandin ↑ Relaxin ↑ Prolactin ↑ Term 3 Stages of Partuition Definition Signs of delivery passing of Fetus passing of placenta Term Signs of Partuition in Dogs, Pigs, Cows, and Mares Definition show signs of delivery passing of fetus passing of placenta Term Correction of Dystocia in Dogs Definition If puppies are too large do a C-section Term Correction of Dystocia in Pigs Definition pigs can't come out and then pig stops contractions, do C-sections Term Corrction of Dystocia in Cows Definition If calf is too large or body parts are retained, can do C-section of left flank Term Retained placenta in dogs Definition Signs - puppes are swollen and crying, cold and dying puppies, female has fever and swollen mammory glands Treatment - remove puppies from mother and supplement, treat mother with anibiotics and clear up invection then might be able to put puppies back Term Retained Placenta in Pigs Definition Signs - have MMA and pigs dying from toxic milk Treatment - antibiotics and oxytocin Term Retained Placenta in Cows Definition Signs - placenta retained over 72 hours Treatment - Prostaglandin or oxytocin or estrogen to cause uterine contractions (depends of prefernce of Vet).          Best Way - uterine infusion - large quantities of water with antibiotics that makes uterus contract.  Use 1-2 gallons. Term Retained Placenta in Mares Definition Signs - pathalogic at 4 hrs. can colic or founder Treatment - IV drip of oxytocin Term Causes of Retained Placenta Definition Difficult Births Multiple births (in one fetus animals) Disease Term uterine Prolapse in Cows Definition Uterus comes to the outside after a difficult birth.  Push back in Term Vaginal Prolapse in Cows Definition *inherited disorder*  caused by weak ligaments in vagina 1st sign: see red bulge out of vulva when laying down 2nd sign: sticks out all of the time Push back in and suture Term Causes of reproductive failure in animals Definition poor nutrition disease high levels of milk production season of the year luteal cyst follicular cyst Term Diseases that cause Reproductive Failure Definition Brucellosis Leptosperosis Vibriosis Trichomoniasis Bovine Viral Diarrhea Term Brucellosis Definition causes abortions and infertility transmitted through reproductive tract KILL COWS ANTIBIOTIC DOGS SELL HORSES (Fistulous withers) Term Leptospirosis Definition causes infertility and late term abortions causes kidney damage causes blindness in horses Term Vibriosis Definition caused by a spirochete virus causes early term abortion can vaccinate also known as camphobacter Term Trichomoniasis Definition caused by a protazoa in sheath of bulls can be transmitted to cows causes infertility and late term abortions Term Bovine Viral Diarrhea Definition usually in respiratory form causes late term abortions animals persistantly infected b/c they shed the virus theri entire life Term Reproductive Diseases in Dogs Definition Brucellosis, Leptospirosis causes infertility, mastitis, metritis, early and late term abortions Term Reproductive Diseases in Swine Definition Brucellosis, Pseudorabies, Parvo (SMEDI) Term SMEDI Definition Stillbirth Metritis Early embryonic Death Infertility Term Reproductive Diseases in Cows Definition Brucellosis, Leptospirosis, Vibriosis, Thrichomoniasis, Bovine Viral Diarrhea Term Reproductive Diseases in Horses Definition Rhinopneumonitis, Brucellosis, Leptospirosis, Contagious Equine Metritis Term Causes of Male Infertility Definition Testicular Hypoplasia Cryptorchidism Lack of Libido Nutrition Over-use Cork Screw Penis Persistant Frenulum Scars and cuts Failure of Ejaculation Unsoundness body Condition Age Urination during Ejaculation Infection of accessory glands Weather Intimidation Peculiarities of Breeds Term Testicular Hypoplasia Definition testicles are too small to breed and produce the amount of sperm needed Term Persistant Frenulum Definition ligament attached to penis that if attached, the penis will be pulled to the side at a 90 degree angle Term Purpose for Artificially Inseminating Animals Definition collect semen from superior genetics Term AI Animals Definition Dog and Sheep - insert pipette into vagina Swine and Cows - insert pipette into cervix Horse - insert pipette into uterus Term Synchronization of Estrus in Dogs Definition An injection to keep dogs from going into estrus. Do not use longer than 4 cycles in a row without letting dogs cycle normally.  Give for 32 straight days every 6 months Term Sychronization of Estrus in Sheep Definition not easily manipulated b/c they are seasonal breeders can feed a progesterone compound for 30 days then they come into heat Term Synchronization of Estrus in Swine Definition give a shot of prostaglandin F2A and pig will come into heat 3-4 days later Term Synchronization of Estrus in Horses Definition give ones shot prostaglandin on day 1 and then again in 11 days will be in heat 72 hours from shot Can use regumate for 10-11 days then give prostaglandin shot