Term
| Inflammation of the pelvis caity? |
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Definition
| Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) |
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Term
| Why is PID also called an ascending infection? |
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Definition
| Organisms migrate upward from the portal of entry. |
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Term
| What is the major cause of infertility? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does PID usually cause? |
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Definition
| Scaring and adhesions in the fallopian tubes that can cause total or partial obstruction. |
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Term
| What does partial obstruction from PID cause? |
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Definition
| Ovum implanting in a site that the uterus, usually the fallopian tube or the pelvic cavity. |
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Term
| What does total obstruction form PID cause? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- STD: gonorrhoeae, chlamydia, hominis
- staphylococcal, streptococcal |
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Term
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Definition
- may have no Sx
- gradual, dull lower abdominal pain
- sudden severe abdominal pain
- fever
- chills
dysuria, irregular bleeding, a foul smelling discharge, and dyspareunia (pain during sexual intercourse) |
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Term
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Definition
- ectopic pregnancy
- infertility
- chronic abdominal pain
- w/o treatment septic shock |
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Term
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Definition
- rest
- application of heat via warm compress
- sitz baths
- analgesics
- broad spectrum antibiotic
- avoid sex for at least 3 weeksn |
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Term
| Endomentrial cells deposit in the pelvic cavity on structures within the cavity? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- pain
- pain with defecation
- dysmenorrhea
- abnormal bleeding |
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Term
| Complications with endometriosis? |
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Definition
| - constriction of bowel, ureters, or both may cause partial or complete obstruction which is a medical emergency |
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Term
| Treatment of endometriosis? |
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Definition
- NSAIDS
- Hormones causing estrogen levels to decrease
- Surgical
-- laparoscopy
-- hysterectomy |
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Term
| Weakness of supportive structures between the vagina and the bladder? |
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Definition
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Term
| Weakness of supportive structures between the vagina and the rectum? |
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Definition
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Term
| Risk factors for cystocele and rectocele? |
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Definition
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Term
| S/S of cystocele and rectocele? |
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Definition
- painful intercourse (dyspareunia)
- lower back and pelvic discomfort
- recurrent bladder infections
- stress incontinence
- incontinence of gas or liquid feces
- difficulty with expulsion of fecal matter |
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Term
| Treatment of cystocele and rectocele? |
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Definition
- kegal exercises
- Pessary: a device that is inserted into the vagina for support
- anterior colporrhaphy repair: reduces the size of the anterior vaginal wall and used to treat cyctocele.
- posterior colporrhaphy repair: reduces the size of the posterior vaginal wall and used to treat rectocele |
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Term
| Where is breast cancer usually found? |
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Definition
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Term
| Risk factors for breast cancer? |
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Definition
- non-Hispanic women
- African American women usually die
- family history |
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Term
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Definition
- Early: painless breast tissue thickening or lump palpated
- Late: dimpling of the skin, nipple discharge, nipple or skin retraction, edema, dilated blood vessels, ulceration, and hemorrrhage |
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Term
| Diagnosis of breast cancer? |
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Definition
- clinical breast exam every 3 years until age 40
- clinical breast exam every year after 40
- baseline mammogram by age 40
- mammogram every 1-2 year from age 40-40
- mammogram every year after age 50
- breast ultrasound or MRI for questionable mammogram readings
- biopsy of suspicious tissue |
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Term
| Treatment for breast cancer? |
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Definition
- chemo and radiation
- Lumpectomy: removal of tumor with margin of surrounding healthy tissue
- simple mastectomy: surgical remove of a breast, lymph nodes left intact
-radical mastectomy: removal of all breast tissue, overlying skin, lymph nodes, and underlying pectoral muscle |
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Term
| Post-op for breast cancer surgery? |
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Definition
- exercise to affected arm
- no BP, IV sticks, or blood draws to affected arm for the rest of life |
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Term
| Cancer in the cervix that grows slowly? |
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Definition
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Term
| Risk factors for cervical cancer? |
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Definition
- women infected with HPV and HIV
- smoking
- sexual intercourse at an early age
- multiple sexual partners |
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Term
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Definition
- early signs are often asymptomatic
- advanced: blood tinged or frank bloody vaginal discharge, menstrual irregularities, or blood after intercourse |
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Term
| Complications of cervical cancer? |
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Definition
- anemia due to chronic bleeding
- cancer into adjacent structures: pain, backache, and bleeding |
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Term
| Treatment for mild or localized cervical cancer? |
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Definition
- Loop Electrosurgical Excision: uses electricity to destroy abnormal tissue
- Cryosurgery: application of extreme cold to destroy abnormal tissue
- Conization: scraping the cervical tissue to get rid of abnormal tissue |
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Term
| Treatment for moderate cervical cancer? |
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Definition
- Hysterectomy
- Chemo
- Radiation |
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Term
| Thin, pendulous sac on the outside of the body that encloses each of the two testicles in separate compartments? |
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Definition
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Term
| The male reproductive organ. Lie within the scrotum, suspended from the spermatic cord. They produce spermatozoa and sex hormones? |
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Definition
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Term
| What sex hormone does the testes produce? |
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Definition
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Term
| At what age is testosterone increased? |
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Definition
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Term
| A coiled tube almost 20 feet long that rests along the top and side of the testes, newly developed sperm move from the testicles through this? |
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Definition
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Term
| Tubes of secretory ducts that serve as the primary storage sites for sperm, contribute to the fluid content of semen and contract to help propel the mature sperm during ejaculation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Hollow, twisted, tubular secretory glands located at the posterior surface of the bladder. Produce fluid that contributes to the volume of semen and provides nutrients and hormones important for motility and successful fertilization? |
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Definition
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Term
| A walnut sized fibromuscular gland that surrounds the neck of the urinary bladder and the first inch of the internal urethra? |
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Definition
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Term
| Extends from the bladder to the urinary meatus at the end of the penis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Soft, round cylinder of spongy tissue ending in a acorn shaped top? |
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Definition
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Term
| Examines a semen specimen to assess male fertility or to document sterilization after vasectomy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Specifically looking at luteinizing hormone, prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone, and testosterone. Assesses levels of hormones needed for sexual development and function? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) |
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Term
| What increases with prostate cancer and bone metastasis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is increased with prostate cancer? |
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Definition
| Prostate Specific Antigen |
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Term
| What test is done with patients with erectile disfuction? |
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Definition
| Thyroid function and tests of diabetes mellitus |
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Term
| Inflammation of the prostate gland? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- swelling
- warmth
- tenderness
- dysuria
- frequency
- hematuria
- foul smelling urine |
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Term
| Complications of prostatitis? |
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Definition
| Chronic inflammation may cause prostate size to increase possible obstructing urine flow requiring surgery. |
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Term
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Definition
Lab Values
- urinalysis
- WBC
- PSA (prostate specific antigen) test |
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Term
| Treatment for prostatitis? |
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Definition
- antibiotics
- analgesics
- stool softeners: to prevent constipation which can be painful
- sitz baths
- anti-inflammatories
- alpha adrenergic blockers (Flomax and Hytrin): helps to relax the bladder nck and prostate for easier voiding |
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Term
| Enlargement with prostate gland? |
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Definition
| Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH) |
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Term
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Definition
- decreased size and force of urinery stream
- urinary retention
- post voiding dribbling |
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Term
|
Definition
- urgency
- frequency
- dysuria
- nocturia
- hematuria
- sometimes urge incontience |
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Term
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Definition
- UTI
- incontinence
- hemorrhage
- urinary leakage
- inflammation of pubic bones
- erectile dysfunction |
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Term
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Definition
- rectal exam
- cath of residual urine
- ultrasound
- urine and prostatic secretion specimens are examined for evidence of infection |
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Term
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Definition
Medications
- Proscar and Acodart: decreases testosterone levels which suppress prostatic tissue growth
- Flomax and Hytrin: relaxs smooth muscle in the bladder neck and prostate, thereby reducing obstruction of urinary flow. |
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