Term
| Why is inulin not used to estimate GFR in the clinical setting |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When would small changes in Serum Creatinine represent Large changes in GFR and when would large changes in creatinine represent small changes in GFR? |
|
Definition
Early in renal failure: Small->Large
Late Stage Renal Failure: Small->Small |
|
|
Term
| When serum creatinine crosses the clinical threshold how much GFR is typically lost |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you calculate a creatinine clearance |
|
Definition
Clearance=[Urine]*Volume per min
[Plasma] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Diet
Reabsorption (giving low GFR estimate)
Independent at Low flow rates |
|
|
Term
| What is crystatin and how is it used |
|
Definition
| Estimates GFR but totally degraded by kidney tubules (None in Urine) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
0: >90 GFR
1: >90 with damage evidence
2: 60-89
3: 30-59
4: 15-29
5: <15 |
|
|
Term
| What is the indication echogenic kidneys that are very small and what is indicated by echogenic kidneys that are Large/Normal |
|
Definition
Small: Advanced Stage Renal Disease
Large: Parenchymal Kidney damage |
|
|
Term
| What type of stones are not seen in Plain X-ray |
|
Definition
| Uric acid and some cysteine |
|
|
Term
| What are the uses of Nuclear imaging in evaluating the kidney |
|
Definition
True masses from lobulations
Parenchymal Scarring
Assess perfusion |
|
|
Term
| What is CT scan used for in kidney evaluation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the initial procedure for pateints complaining orf hematuria, flank pain, suspected masses, or pyeuria? |
|
Definition
| Intravenous Urography (IVU) |
|
|
Term
| How is urine properly collected and analyzed? |
|
Definition
First morning urine
Mid-stream catch
Analyzed within 1 hr |
|
|
Term
| In Diabetes and HPTN Nephropathy what anaylitical measure can by used to follow the coarse of the disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are non-urinary tract problems that with show hematuria on a dipstick |
|
Definition
Rhabdomyalisis
Intravascular Hemolysis |
|
|
Term
| What is the indication of dismorphic RBC's in Urinalysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Causes of WBC's in the Urine |
|
Definition
AIN
Pyelonephritis or Cystitis |
|
|
Term
| What is the cause of maltese cross crystals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are Waxy Casts indicative of |
|
Definition
| Nephrotic Syndrome bc waxy appearance is albumin that leaked into the nephron |
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