Term
| What do the kidney regulate? |
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Definition
-electrolytes (K+, Na+, Ca+, Mg+. Cl-, bicarb, phosphate)
-glucose, urea, creatinine, uric acid, amino acids
-glomerular filtration
-tubular reabsorption/secretion
-b/p (fluid volume, renin) |
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Term
| What hormones are secreted by the kidneys? |
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Definition
| -erythropoietin: stimulates bone marrow production to make RBC's |
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Term
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Definition
-dehydration
-systolic <70
-all = decreased blood flow to glomeruli |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Intra-renal causes of ARF |
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Definition
-drugs
-infection
-HTN
-DM
-arterial insufficiency
-trauma
-acute tubular necrosis |
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Term
| Renal Failure; Initiation Phase S/S |
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Definition
-Initiating event
-often not recognized until next phase
-may last hours to days unnoticed |
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Term
| Renal Failure: Maintenance Phase S/S |
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Definition
-begins within hours of event, 1-2 weeks
-oliguria develops
-waste products are not being filtered and eliminated , decline in GFR and tubular necrosis
-multisystem effects |
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Term
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Definition
-UO less than 400ml/day or less
-increase in BUN, Cr, K and Phos
-up to 14 days
-SG fixed 1.010 |
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Term
| Renal Failure; Recovery Phase S/S |
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Definition
-UO exceeds 400ml/day, up to 4 L/day
-waste products remain systemically
-lab values remains elevated but improve over time
-this is an indication of return of kidney function
- 1-12 months
-renal insufficiency or CRF can occur |
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Term
|
Definition
| -indicated by loss of approximately 80% of function in the nephrons |
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Term
| End Stage Renal Disease: S/S |
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Definition
-azotemia (nitrogenous waste, increase BUN & Cr, GRF decreased)
-hyperkalemia
-hypocalcemia (dec. absorption of vit d)
-hyperphosphatemia (imp. phosphate excr)
-metabolic acidosis
-fluid imbalance
-anemia
-insulin reistance (stimutes the liver to produce triglycerides, leads to inc. LDL, leads to increased atherosclerosis)
- |
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Term
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Definition
-most common cause of ARF
-ischemia leads to tubular epithelium destruction which leads to basement membrane rupture, necrosis, and death. Debris blocks tubules leading to rising GFR. |
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Term
| Creatinine: What is it? Normal level? |
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Definition
-waste product of skeletal muscle breakdown
-more reliable indicator of kidney fxn
-not affected by diet, hydration, liver fxn, or metabolism
norm: 0.5-1.5 (twice the norm indicates 50% fxn loss |
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Term
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Definition
-affected by protein beakdown
-estimate of the GFR
-norm 10-20, >70 dialysis is needed |
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Term
| Hyperkalemia: What is it? Treatment? |
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Definition
-norm 3.5-5, will be above 5
->6 cardiac monitoring a must
Tx:IV glucose, insulin, sodium bicarb, and calcium (temporarily drives the K+ into the cell), dialysis and or kayexelate |
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