Term
| Humans are approximately ____ water |
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Definition
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Term
| Kidneys are responsible for regulating what? |
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Definition
acid-base balance
water / electrolytes
metabolic waste |
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Term
| the _____ drains the bladder |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____ drains urine from the kidney |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the anatomy of the kidney |
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Definition
outer layer = renal cortex
inner blobs = renal medulla
blob connectors = renal pyramid
renal artery & vein |
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Term
| What are the renal pyramids? |
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Definition
| papillae of the renal medulla |
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Term
| Blood flows into the kidney at the _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood is filtered through the _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood exits the nephron through the _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are nephrons found in the kidney? |
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Definition
80% are cortical
20% dip into the medullary area |
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Term
| How is the kidney of cattle different from humans? |
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Definition
| cattle have a lobulated kidney |
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Term
| Why do marine mammals have different kidneys? |
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Definition
| they have reniculate kidneys which increases surface area, to absorb more water |
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Term
True or False
Nephrons cannot be replaced as mammals age |
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Definition
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Term
| What structure could be referred to as "blind ended microscopic tubules"? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the structure of the nephron |
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Definition
-bowmans capsule (contains glomerulus)
-Proximal convoluted tubule
-Loop of Henle
-Distal convoluted tubule |
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Term
True or false
The collecting ducts play an essential role in water retention |
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Definition
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Term
What is Step 1 of urine formation?
What happens?
Where does this occur? |
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Definition
Filtration
-fluid moves from blood to lumen of nephron
-in renal corpuscle of glomerulus/bowmans capsule |
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Term
What is Step 2 of urine formation?
What happens? |
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Definition
Reabsorption
-filtrate leaves bowman's capsule, some substances in the nephron tubules flow back to the blood |
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Term
What is Step 3 of urine formation?
What happens? |
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Definition
Secretion
-select molecules are further removed from blood & added to the nephron tubule filtrate |
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Term
True or False
Hypotension & CKD are correlated |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
Diabetes & CKD are correlated |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the structure of the glomerulus |
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Definition
| Modified blood vessel, with lots of slits which allow Na, K etc to filter through, but RBCs stay in the blood |
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Term
| The inner layer of the Bowman's capsule is made up of _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Are filtration slits negatively or positively charged? Why? |
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Definition
negatively
prevents proteins from passing through |
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Term
| Mutations in the slit proteins will cause what? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does filtration work? |
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Definition
-blood hydrostatic pressure forces plasma out of glomerulus into bowman's capsule
-rate of filtration is regulated by hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries |
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Term
True or False
Exercise increases blood pressure which can increase glomerular filtration rate |
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Definition
False
GFR is kept at a constant 125ml/min |
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Term
| Glomerular filtration rate is _____ liters per day |
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Definition
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Term
| How is GFR kept constant? |
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Definition
If blood pressure increases, afferent arteriol constricts, efferent dilates to allow less blood in, more out
If blood pressure decreases, afferent dilates & efferent constricts |
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Term
| What cells are involved with myogenic regulation of GFR? |
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Definition
Juxtaglomerular cells
smooth muscle cells in afferent arteriole
Macula densa (MD) cells
sensory cells in DCT
Mesangial cells (MC)
Connect JG & MD through gap junctions
Sympathetic Nerve Fibers (SNFs)
-redirect blood from kidneys to other organs |
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